- [Announcer] "The Dementia

Researcher" podcast,

talking careers, research,

conference highlights,

and so much more.

- Hello, and welcome to the

"Dementia Researcher" podcast.

Today we're in Basel in Switzerland

to bring you the highlights

from the 34th International

Symposium on ALS and MND.

(down tempo music)

I am Alys Griffiths, and I'm

an NIHR Senior Research Fellow

at the University of Sheffield.

I'm delighted to be

guest hosting this show.

Let me start with today's fun fact.

Basel is a cultural and pharmaceutical hub

at the crossroads of

Switzerland, France, and Germany,

boasting the world's oldest art collection

and being the home to the

headquarters of pharma giant,

all great reasons why it

makes a wonderful home

for this year's symposium.

As ever in these

conference highlight shows,

I'm joined by researchers

who are gonna share

their event highlights

to provide a snapshot

of what's been talked about this week.

Let's meet the guests.

(down tempo music)

With me today is Alicia

Northall, Heather Marriott,

Amber Sewell-Green, and Philip McGoldrick.

Let's start with some quick introductions.

Alicia, could you tell us

about yourself, please?

- Hi, I'm Alicia.

I'm from the University of Oxford.

I joined as a postdoc

about six months ago,

and I work on neuroimaging in ALS,

trying to find new biomarkers.

- [Alys] Heather, could you go next?

- Yup, I'm a third year PhD student

at King's College London, and I study,

I use multiomics in ALS and MND

to try and identify subgroups of patients

which might be beneficial for

clinical trial recruitment.

- Amber, you've come the furthest.

Could you introduce yourself, please?

- Hi, I'm Amber.

I'm from the University of Queensland,

all the way from Australia.

I'm a first-year PhD

student and also a dietitian

with a background in neuroscience.

I'm looking to improve

nutrition care guidelines

with a focus on energy and

fats in Motor Neuron Disease.

- [Alys] And Philip.

- Hey, I'm Philip McGoldrick.

I'm a research associate at

the University of Toronto,

funded by ALS Canada and Brain Canada.

I work on nucleosides

possibly transport in ALS.

- Thank you. So I know

this is the first time

for all of you joining on the podcast,

so thank you for joining us.

Let's get to some highlights.

(down tempo music)

So I'm sure listeners

already know the format,

but what we do is go around

the room a couple of times

and each person shares one

of their favourite talks

and posters and then we'll

just have a chat about them.

But before we get going, I

wanted to give you all the chance

to talk about any talks

you've given this week.

Has anyone been presenting?

- Only a poster.

- [Alys] Yeah.

- I can discuss my

colleague that did present

'cause I know enough about her work,

so I'm happy to share that.

My colleague Jeryn Chang,

she's been doing really amazing work

with MRI images of the brain.

She started on hypothalamic volume,

a little part of the brain

that we know is involved

with metabolism and appetite.

And then they actually showed

pictures of non-food items

and low-calorie and high-calorie

food items in controls

in ALS patients in a fed and fasted state.

So I guess the first part

of her research showed

that there's a bit of background

showing the hypothalamus

may shrink in people with

Motor Neuron Disease,

but they found a curve, so the

lowest and the highest BMIs,

there was a difference, but

the middle BMI, not so much,

so it's not quite so

straightforward as we think.

But I think the main

things that she found was

in the fed and fasted state,

the high-calorie foods had

a lot more lighting up,

particularly in the right temporal pole

and in the cerebellum for controls,

but it didn't seem to

be so for MND patients.

So it seems to be maybe reduced activation

or a bit of a dulling in this.

And there is some

literature kind of showing

that these regions of the

brain are associated with food

and reward and maybe social benefits.

So just starts to highlight I guess,

areas of the brain we don't

think about with appetite

that might be affected in people with MND.

So I think her research is

gonna be really exciting,

and I'm very proud of her.

She did a wonderful job.

- [Alys] Great, so I

guess, what would that mean

for people we're seeing in clinic?

- So I guess it would

mean targeted approaches

that if people look at

appetite differently,

maybe they may not be driven by memories.

Obviously, I can't make

exact to say causation,

so let me put a little

bit of a marker there,

but I see it as we might

know how to approach

and have a more individualised approach.

Especially myself being a clinician,

if we know there's areas of

the brain that may behave

a bit differently compared

to healthy populations,

we may address how we

approach encouraging people

with weight loss 'cause what

would work with other people

may not work in MND populations, so.

Or just explain how they feel

about food, if that's changed.

In other cases, we know that

there's some taste changes,

food tastes better or worse

or there's decreased appetite,

and we may be able to provide

a bit of an explanation why,

which I think is always nice.

- Thank you. Philip, you

said you did a poster?

- Yeah, yeah, I had a

poster on the first day.

So my work is on C9RO72,

which is the most common

cause of ALS and FTD.

I work on the loss of

function of the protein

because it's a fairly understudied area.

So what I'm interested

in is the mechanisms,

that loss of function,

the effect that it has

on cellular mechanisms.

So I've been looking at

nucleocytoplasmic transport

because we know the gain

of function toxicities

affect nucleosides plasmic transport.

I want to see if they

could also be affected

by loss of function.

So we have some overlap

with some of the work

that was presented here and

we're quite excited about.

- Did you get any good

conversations at your poster?

- I was talking for about two hours,

(Amanda chuckling)

only to about four people,

so the people who liked it liked it.

- [Alys] Great. Alicia?

- I didn't have a poster or

a talk, so I joined my group

around the time of the

submission deadline.

So it's actually nice

to be a fly on the wall

for the first time at conference

and just be able to soak it all in

and ask lots of questions.

- [Alys] And Heather?

- Yeah, so I presented

a poster on the genetic analysis of NEFH,

neurofilament heavy chain

gene, in sporadic ALS.

And the reason that we

did this is because NEFH

is included a lot of

genetic screening panels,

but the actual genetic

mutations and variants

that we find in NEFH haven't

been robustly associated

with ALS risk.

So we wanted to try and

characterise that further

and actually see if

variants do modify ALS risk

by performing a large

scale screening analysis

of the project of mine,

ALS sequencing cohort.

- [Alys] And did you have

any good conversations?

- Yeah, there was a couple of

people that were interested,

although they were wet lab people.

and I'm a pure, purely,

pure bio of petition.

I couldn't really answer their questions

that well, but (laughs).

- That's the fear isn't it?

- Yeah, yeah.

- [Alys] So they, they're doing

similar work from a different angle.

- Yeah, so, so we confirmed

previous reports in the

literature which say that

variants in a specific domain

of NEFH, the tail domain,

which affects phosphorylation

of the protein

that is found in the serum in CSF,

they actually said that

perhaps the mutations are

driving the phosphorylation.

So they're really interested in

tackling it from a different approach,

like introducing mutations

into in vitro models.

So it's quite nice to sort of

gain a perspective from the other side.

- Great. So shall we move on

to everybody's highlights?

Philip, do you wanna go first?

- Yeah, my first highlight was a talk by

Gary Armstrong from McGill

University in Montreal in Canada.

And Gary's made, he's used CRISPR to

modify endogenous Zebra fish TDP43.

So this is a much more

physiological model of disease

and it aids the fish and

perform lots of behavioural

and imaging answers.

And I think it's really important

because then this is a physiological model

in a small animal model,

which is much more tractable

for other experiments.

I think it could be very, very powerful.

- And what was it you enjoyed

about his presentation?

- Everything. It was,

I think it was really

good characterization.

Yeah, really good

characterization and really good,

it has a lot, would have a lot of power

and a lot of translatability

for different studies.

- Great. Amber, do you wanna

tell us about your first highlight?

- Yeah, I'm, I'm gonna

start a little bit broad

and I guess something I was surprised

and really enjoyed is the

focus on quality of life

and the actual lived

experience of the disease.

I think there was a

really huge representation

of studies on psychology,

studies on quality of life,

studies on nutrition,

studies on allied health

that span through the posters

and through the talks.

In particular, there

were a few on ACT therapy

that were really interesting.

There was also one by Eneida Mioshi

and she talked about just how

to manage behavioural changes.

'Cause I guess we see, you

know, maybe 15% of people

with ALS will have that FTD spectrum,

but then still more,

around 35%, will actually still present

with those behavioural

changes of things like apathy.

And if we can understand

that as clinicians

and then actually relay that to the carers

that know your partner or your child

or whoever it may be, is not depressed.

They're just struggling with motivation

that can actually really

change the course of their, of

how they behave and how they interact.

So I think that was a really,

presented some really powerful

guides for carers and clinicians

and for clinicians to share with carers.

- [Alys] Yeah. Is that the mind toolkit?

- Mind toolkit? Yeah,

so I'm really excited

and I think in what I've looked at and

and seen as a clinician is there really is

that lack of standardisation.

So at seeing those toolkits come out

and actually being looking

forward to a future

where there are online

tools for clinicians

and carers is something I

think is really exciting.

- [Alys] Great. So you've been kind of

looking at things from a,

how will this be helpful-

- Yeah

- [Alys] as a clinician and researcher?

- Yeah, we run research,

like, I'm a clinician myself

but we also run research

clinics so we see a lot

of the human side of it four days a week.

So really you get that hands-on

patient and care experience.

So I'm always kind of keeping

that in the back of my mind

as yeah, how to better standardise it, how

to improve quality of care.

- Great. Thank you. Lucia?

- So I think most of my

highlights are probably from the

neuroimaging sessions,

but I think I'd like to

start with something that was

not exactly in my area.

So the talk by Haley Cropper,

hope I said the name right,

from the University of Illinois,

which was focusing on the,

well a couple of things

about how injury can perhaps

predispose certain people

to develop MND.

And of course, not

everyone who has injuries

develops MND, but she had

a population of patients

who had been involved in exercise,

mostly high level exercise I think?

Hopefully didn't get that wrong.

And she looked at where they'd

had injuries in the past

and changes in the the

spinal cord, the vertebrae

and where the onset site

of their disease was.

If they had had problem

in the specific part

of the left leg and they had

the ALS onset site was

in the same place, which is something

I've always been interested in.

So it was really nice

to look at the natural

history of those patients.

And she also had some

great post-mortem data

and looking at where the

disease may spread up

from the spinal cord up to the medulla.

That was my highlight.

- [Alys] That sounds really interesting.

So is she looking at specific

types of sport or just?

- So I'm not sure exactly

but she had a sample

of I think 18 patients

and eight with post-mortem.

I'm not sure if there

are exclusively patients

who had a history of high level exercise

or it just happened to

be the case that a lot

of them were involved in sports.

But I think it's one

of those things that's

so complicated when we

think of lifestyle factors

like diet and exercise,

but they're understudied

and I think that a lot of patients

and their caregivers are just interested

in risk of exercise but things like that.

- [Alys] Yeah and I think especially

with there being kind of

some high profile people

in the media who've got sports backgrounds

that kind of draws attention

to that kind of work, doesn't it?

- Yeah, definitely.

Yeah, there's lots of people

who are doing those challenges

while they've still got

a motor function left.

Really inspiring, I think,

to the whole community

- Heather.

- Yeah, so one

of my favourite highlights

was from the genetics

and genomics session at day one.

And I think one of my favourite talks

was that was by Yun Wang, at UMC Utrecht

and she developed a computational

tool called SpliPath,

which can identify intronic

splice site hotspots

in the whole genome.

So she applied it to paired RNA

and DNA sequencing data of people with ALS

and she actually found that,

she actually found mutations,

splice site mutations in KIF5A,

which have been previously reported.

But she also found some promising

mutations in other genes as well.

So I think she might extend it genome wide

and then hopefully she

might identify some new

genes which you can't

really get in the genome

because it, this is in

the non-coding genome.

It's not in the coding

genome that we usually get

with like her exome sequencing.

- [Alys] So for those

of us not in genetics-

- Yes

- [Alys] where does that go next?

- Ooh. Okay. (laughs)

Okay. So as in, in terms of if her gene

has been identified, then what happens?

- [Alys] So, what do

you think she's gonna do

next to take this forward?

- Ah, okay.

So, I think what she was planning to do,

and I don't know if I'm wrong on this,

but she's planning to extend,

extend it genome wide.

So she was initially looking in KIF5A

because they already have the

splice site mutations just

to see if the tool is actually

capable of picking it up.

But she's gonna do it genome wide

and then from there she finds anything

and I think they might be

functionally validating it

and then screening in people,

large scale populations

to then see if it can be a candidate gene.

- Anybody else got a highlight

that they'd like to share?

- Yeah, there was a really wonderful talk

in the kind of cell biology

in the afternoon of the

first day by Alex Cammack.

And that was talking about

lipid pathways or fat pathways

and particularly in C9 variants, which

that was particularly interesting again

'cause I think there's

that Dementia ALS crossover

and that were talking about the basically

four genes that are linked to lower levels

of unsaturated fatty acids.

Your unsaturated fatty acids, if we think

of saturated is usually something

that's solid at room temperature,

unsaturated the ones that's liquid.

Our unsaturateds, like our fish or

in the monos, things like olive oils,

but more of those kind of

plant and fish derived oils.

And they were a huge part of the brain.

And I think what I found

exciting is it started

with drosophila, or your fly,

then it went to mouse models,

but then it was also found in IPSC lines,

which are lines when we take cells

and take them right back to the start

and then can reprogram

them as motor neurons.

Some really cool science

and showed that, yeah there,

that there was a reduction in these

and it was linked to poor prognosis.

And then in post-mortem samples.

So when people kindly

donate brains for example,

or spinal cords for

research, we found the same,

like these lower levels

and they provided some,

or he talked about some

treatment options where they

provided ASOs, where you can treat this

and kind of reverse it

and it actually helped

and rescued the cells.

So I'm interested in that

from my own perspective.

I had a poster here as well,

but I'm looking at, you know,

if providing people just enough

energy can prevent weight loss,

'cause anyone that,

contrary to popular belief,

any weight loss, even if

someone's a bigger body size is

considered with shorter life expectancy.

But it seems to be that maybe

it's a bit more complicated

than just calories

and the type of energy,

whether it's coming from fat,

seems to be a really big

part of the literature

and I think there's a lot

of compounding evidence that

there's a role in these.

So it helps a little bit more

step towards, maybe a bit more

precise nutrition care guidelines

and also something patients can do.

If we've got some guidelines

that are a bit clearer,

then it kind of takes

the power back in hands.

So I was excited about that.

- [Alys] So is that something

we don't know much about?

- Yeah

- Sorry, I was gonna say,

I thought it was really cool as well.

- [Alys] Yeah. I'd love

to hear your thoughts.

- 'Cause one of their

ways to treat the problem

with the polyunsaturated fats

was they used a plant enzyme

that doesn't exist in humans.

- [Alys] Oh!

- So they expressed

that in their IPS cells

and it rescued the phenotypes.

So it's really cool

biology that, you know,

taking the gene from another

organism that humans don't have

and then using it for

human health is really how,

- How did they select that plant enzyme?

You know, how did they select

that plant enzyme as the...

- I think they'd looked at,

they didn't say specifically,

I would've guess

that they looked at,

you know, this method of

the pathways involved in

polyunsaturated fat production

aren't common in humans,

but they know it's common in plants

and another organism that

can't, maybe sea elegans?

- A lot of plants, you know, a lot

of our oils are plant derived

so they've got their

own biological processes

and then yeah, testing that in an organism

that's quite simple to

kind of then verify it.

But-

- Really nice.

Yeah,

it was some really interesting science

and kind of built its way back to humans,

which was really interesting

'cause a lot of these you go, oh

but is it clinically relevant?

And then it was nice that they

kind of built back to that.

- Yep. And then one of the

phenotypes that they rescued,

which is ALS relevant, was vulnerability

to glutamate, which can

cause excess toxicity.

So then this plant enzyme was

beneficial in an ALS context,

not just in the look and

it's really, really nice.

- Exactly.

And we've seen that theme of

cortical hyper excitability

and that perhaps that's

potentially maybe one

of the starting points that

the region of the brain

that might have that hyper excitability

or just, you know, the neurons

are over firing, then might

relate to the map of

whatever body part it is.

And that might be the area of the body

that first gets symptoms and spreads.

So yeah, really exciting.

- So it feels like that's got potentially

quite exciting trajectory forward?

- Yep.

- I think so, yeah.

I think it's got a lot of promise.

- I think the cortical hyper

excitability thing, you know,

it's a major feature of ALS

but it comes up in a

lot of different fields

because it, for neuro imaging,

it's really important for us

and can be measured using TMS.

But my colleague, Michael

Trubshaw, presented his work today

using magnetoencephalography.

It's a different kind

of imaging technique,

like EG, but with better

spatial resolution.

And he was showing that

this replicated a lot

of early results within ALS,

where beta power is decreased,

which is the oscillation

related to motor function,

but also showing data

from asymptomatic carriers

of C9 and SOD1 mutations

and showing that cortical excitability

is increased in those patients

who are symptom free entirely.

- Yeah.

- So I think it is one of the earliest

markers of the disease.

- [Amber] That something is going on.

Yeah-

- Yeah.

And it's linked to all the

different fields, you know,

it's not just neuroimaging,

it seems to be kind

of cropping up.

- [Amber] Yeah, absolutely.

- [Alys] Great. Heather,

another highlight for me?

- I saw a really nice poster about one

of the patient fellows, Rick Kells.

And what he was doing

is he creates artwork online

using several different tools

and what he's trying to do is

get lay summaries that the

University of Sheffield have done

with readable research

and then he just transforms

it into a picture.

And it was amazing to

see all of the pictures

and he was walking through them all.

It was so good, honestly.

- [Alys] Can you give us an example of

what one looked like?

Can you remember any of them?

- Oh.

There was so many, but there was,

so there was one,

this was based on his

own experience with MND.

Yeah, it was a beautiful

garden. Loads of butterflies.

Loads of plants because he

was like, oh the journey,

you never know where it's gonna take you.

The the journey's beautiful.

My wife's walking it through with me

and he says, you're

just getting a different

perspective online.

And that's one.

But then a scientific one also,

he was reading something about

peri-vascular fibroblasts

and how they can be altered in ALS.

So what he did was he actually drew,

he was drawing the whole

parasite blood-brain barrier.

He got a lovely little picture

but he didn't look scientific at all.

It was, it was, yeah,

it was so good. Yeah.

- And I guess great seeing posters

by people living with MND as well.

- [Heather] Yeah.

- Well, and I thought it

was really nice as well,

seeing the patient fellows with their

beautiful scarves.

- Yeah. Yeah.

I thought it was like a really light,

nice, non-stigmatizing way of saying,

this is how I'm identifying here.

- [Heather] Yeah.

- Did anyone else see a poster

by someone living with MND

or that had a contribution

for someone with MND?

- I saw a few, but I don't

think I give any concrete

examples.

- Yeah. (laughs)

- So many posters.

- It is, it gets a little, yeah, a lot

that your brain is-

- [Alys} So many posters.

- I didn't see any posters

by the patient advocates,

but I spoke to a few of them

and they're very, very impressive people.

- Yeah.

Their scientific knowledge was way

beyond what I thought it was gonna be.

It was very enlightening to talk to them.

It was really enjoyable.

- Also, they're so motivated.

I mean the conference is

exhausting even for the scientists

where, you know, you wanna

discuss all those tiny details

with someone you meet at a poster session.

- [Amber] Yeah.

- But yeah, I'm, you know,

you're exhausted throughout

because it's a lot of work

and the patients are so motivated.

It's, it's inspiring.

- I saw an interesting post

that was presenting clinic data

and it was really interesting

'cause this woman was from

the States and she was saying

would this work in the UK

and it was like satisfaction cards

that were given out at the ALS clinic.

And she said it helps people know

which your ALS clinic to go to.

She was like, would that happen in the UK?

I was like, well you could

do your satisfaction survey

but it's still the one you go into.

(everyone laughs)

But they'd done little like flyers

for people to take away with them-

- Oh!

- so you could look at

all the data online,

which I've-

- Oh, right.

never thought of doing before.

- [Philip] Yeah.

But she was like, you

just scan the QR code,

gave me a flyer and off we went.

- [Amber] Does the scan,

does it, does the scan

bring it to a server?

- No, so it takes you to

a website which highlight

their survey findings for

all the different clinics

around the US.

- Oh, Okay. Yeah.

(everyone laughing)

- I'm not good on it yet.

- [Philip] So, it's like Yelp for clinics.

- Yeah! But beautifully presented.

- [Philip] Yeah.

- And they had, she was like,

oh we've got a graphic design

team who helped us do this.

And I thought very, very impressive.

So we're gonna get kicked out

the building in a few minutes

so has anyone got one final highlight?

- I did, like, I can't name the specific

talk 'cause it's just come

to mind. I didn't prepare,

but I think it was on the

first day, or the second day

there was a focus on a

clinical care session

and there was a talk about

non-specific caregivers.

So not people who are trained

or employed to be caregivers,

but people in the home

or colleagues, friends.

They said it could be anyone, someone

who regularly drives you to the hospital.

But that was really amazing

because they focused

for a long time on the, you

know, psychological stress

and the implications of being a

caregiver and how difficult that is.

But also they finish

with such a positive

note about the benefits.

So they ask all those

non-specific caregivers

to summarise their experiences.

And it was really nice to see that,

especially if it was

someone in your family,

you felt closer to them, you

valued the time more with them.

And it was nice to end on

a positive note about MND.

- Could I also add, in the

final session, the prize won

by Neil Schneider and his

team, which was incredible

for developing a FUS antisense

oligonucleotide treatment.

And we met one of the patients

and they've been

not declined in three years

from a very aggressive form

of ALS and it was very

emotional, beautiful.

It was amazing.

- Yeah

- And just as a bit of background,

if viewers don't what that is,

FUS is a very aggressive form

that typically is juvenile

or found in children.

And death is usually

within about a year, sadly.

And he developed a treatment

that he started on one patient

and today we actually saw

someone who'd actually improved

and is still living three years later,

which is phenomenal

and something quite groundbreaking

and I think gives a lot of hope.

And I think this whole

conference gives a lot of hope.

'cause there are a lot

of positive steps and

and treatments that before we went,

oh, there's no treatments.

- Yeah

I don't think I can confidently say now

that there's no treatments

in my talk anymore.

So Yeah.

- Yeah,

- [Alicia] Yeah. You're so right.

- That feels like a positive place to be.

- [Amber] Yeah.

- Great. So that about

all the time we've got

to talk about highlights, but

before we go, let's just

have one final question.

So what advice would you give

to anyone who's heading

to an event like this

and may be presenting for the first time?

Alicia, do you want to go first?

- Oh, presenting for the first time.

I would say it's a bit

different if it's talk

or if it's a poster, but to talk slowly

and try to keep it simple.

One message at a time.

And it's very easy for us

to give three point answers

sometimes at 0.1 or 0.2.

And I think it's better

to keep things short

and be excited about your research.

As soon as you get talking,

you'll just enjoy it. So.

- [Alys] Great. Anything do add?

- I would say don't assume that everybody

that comes to your poster

works in that specific subfield.

I got a lot of, I got some

patient fellows come into mine

and also wet lab scientists.

And at first I did assume

that there were (laughs)

bio of petitions and then I realised,

and then yeah, it's just

about adapting the language.

- So like keeping the message consistent,

but adapting the way you explain it.

- [Heather] Yeah. Yeah, yeah.

- Great. Phillip, anything?

- I'd say two things.

This is my first international meeting

for three or four years

and I flew from Toronto

and arrived the day before the conference.

So I was jet lagged the first day

and I was miserable

even though I was, I was trying my best.

So I think if you have time,

if you're doing a long journey,

if you have time to not go straight

into the conference, it's good.

But I, the presentation's important,

working around and meeting people

is just as important and enjoyable

and I've got a lot more

work like, collaborations

and opinions from people that way as well.

- [Alys] So I guess if

you're not confident in-

- Yeah.

doing that, how-

how's good to approach people?

- Just have to try.

Yeah.

(Alys and Philip laugh)

- [Alys] Put on a brave face. (laughs)

- Yeah. I usually try and

not to interrupt people.

I'll see someone who I want to talk to

and wait till they're

walking past the poster

by themselves or get

them in a lunch break,

introduce myself and say,

I usually compliment them.

Say I liked your most recent

paper on whichever topic.

Everyone likes to hear that.

(everyone laughs)

So then they're receptive and yeah.

- [Alys] Great. So poster

session's quite a good time

to catch people.

- [Alys] Amber?

- I definitely second the travel thing.

We arrived the day there

was a snow storm in Munich

and I ended up in Paris for

a night unexpectedly, which,

not bad in hindsight.

But yeah, definitely give

yourself a couple of days

before, if it's an event internationally.

In terms of posters, I'd say,

think of it kinda like

you're delivering a story.

You don't need to say every

single thing on your poster,

but I'd also say it's a cross

between a story and a conversation.

Ask if someone knows something

and if they want to know more about it

and have those pauses

and have that interaction say, oh

what do you think about this?

And then give your thoughts like, oh wow,

well actually this is

what I think from this

but that's a really fascinating point.

So keep it conversational as well and ask

and you know, don't just talk at, talk

with, is probably my recommendation.

- [Alys] Thank you. And I

think one highlight for all

of us has been the lunch here.

Is that agreed?

- Oh gosh, I'm, it's a bit sad.

(everyone laughs)

I'm not gonna be fed coffee

and take every few hours.

- [Alys] Yeah. And the

frequency of the food

and drink here has been fab, hasn't it?

Great. So that's all

we have time for today.

I'd like to thank our brilliant

guests, Alicia Northall,

Heather Marriott, Amber Sewell-Green,

and Philip McGoldrick.

You'll find more information on the event

and all the sessions at

symposium.mndassociation.org.

And of course, you'll find

bios on all of our guests

and a transcript of the podcast on

the Dementia Researcher website.

But for now, I'm Alys Griffiths

and you've been listening to

the Dementia Researcher Podcast.

Bye

- Bye.

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Researcher Podcast

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