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 Good morning, Dr.

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 Seyfried.

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 It's a true pleasure to

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 have you on the podcast today.

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 Obviously, we'll be discussing all things

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 cancer in short order.

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 But before we get into it, would you mind

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 introducing yourself to the audience for

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 those who aren't familiar

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 with you and your body of work?

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 Yeah, well, well, thank you, Rob.

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 It's nice to be here.

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 I'm a professor of

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 biology at Boston College.

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 I have been here for,

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 well, since 1985, 40 years now.

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 And before that, I was at Yale University

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 in New Haven, Connecticut.

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 Here at Boston College, I've taught a

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 broad range of classes over the years,

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 neurobiology,

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 neurochemistry, neurogenetics.

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 Now I teach general biology to the

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 non-majors, as well as an advanced class

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 in cancer metabolism.

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 Cancer is a metabolic disease.

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 So our background for

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 biochemistry was lipid biochemistry.

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 I did a lot of work

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 on lipid biochemistry.

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 And as far as diseases are concerned,

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 lipid storage diseases, as well as

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 genetic diseases, epilepsy in particular.

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 And now our main focus over the last

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 quarter of a century has been

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 predominantly cancer.

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 But we are moving into also

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 other chronic diseases as well.

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 So I have a kind of a

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 broad-based experience.

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 I have a degree in genetics and

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 biochemistry, a

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 master's degree in genetics.

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 So those are the background educational

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 experience that I've had.

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 That's incredible.

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 And a reason, I

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 suppose, I could only dream of.

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 I think one of the big issues in the

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 health podcast space is creating content

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 that is sort of based on actual science

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 and to have someone with your background

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 and credibility, I feel just, well, at

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 least hopefully sort of highlight that

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 we're not here just to obviously discuss

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 pseudoscience today, that this is all

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 sort of based in empirical data.

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 Dr.

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 Seafree, I know we're here to really talk

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 about the metabolic theory of cancer, but

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 I think it would be prudent to maybe

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 start off with having a quick

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 conversation about

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 what cancer actually is.

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 And I know it's likely a dull question,

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 but I do feel it's that very few people

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 actually know what the disease is.

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 It's just something that

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 they aim to just not get.

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 I've got a few questions there, but yeah,

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 maybe we could just start off with that.

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 Cancer Biology 101, as it were, if you

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 would just mind running

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 through what cancer is.

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 Well, it's actually a very, it's a

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 complicated problem, but it's a very

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 simple definition of what cancer is.

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 It's cell division out of control,

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 dysregulated cell growth.

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 So people say, well, what's cancer?

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 It's just a bunch of cells that are no

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 longer regulated in their growth.

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 Of course, the origin of

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 that phenomenon is broad.

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 But what is it that makes a population of

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 cells in a particular organ of someone's

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 body to start growing in a dysregulated

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 way as opposed to normal cell division,

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 which is regulated?

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 In parts of our body,

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 there's wear and tear.

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 Cells naturally die and are replaced.

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 But the replacement of dead cells is a

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 very organized process.

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 They grow, they divide, and they, however

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 many divisions is necessary to replace

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 those that are missing, is a

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 well-regulated process.

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 And we know now that's all

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 controlled by the mitochondria.

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 But an example of cell

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 division under control,

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 one of the, is in the gut, you have the

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 crypt cells that seem to always replace

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 other cells in a very regulated way.

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 And in the liver, you

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 have liver regeneration.

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 Liver is an interesting organ because if

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 you remove a lobe of the liver, the liver

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 will regenerate the

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 missing part of the lobe.

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 And the speed of liver regenerating cells

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 is just as fast as that

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 of the fastest cancer.

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 The only difference is that the liver

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 regeneration is regulated growth, whereas

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 the hepatoma of the liver, which is liver

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 cancer, is dysregulated growth.

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 And the biochemistry of those two

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 populations is strikingly different.

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 So when you ask what is cancer, it's

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 dysregulated growth in a population of

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 cells in someone's organ, which differs

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 from regulated growth

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 of cells in that organ.

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 So sort of after control mitosis, you

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 might say, in a nutshell.

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 Yeah.

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 And the question that has perplexed the

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 field for decades is what regulates, what

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 is responsible for

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 regulated growth in the first place?

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 Why would one cell know when to stop

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 growing and another cell

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 not know when to stop growing?

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 And that all comes back to the role of

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 the mitochondria and the cytoplasm.

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 The mitochondrion controls calcium

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 signaling within the cell.

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 Nobel prizes have been awarded for people

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 to learn the cyclins and

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 going through the cell cycle.

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 And that cell cycle is all controlled by

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 calcium signaling from the mitochondria.

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 So when mitochondria of the cell become

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 dysfunctional in the sense of producing

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 energy and that calcium gradients, they

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 fall back on a fermentation metabolism,

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 which is an ancient form

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 of energy without oxygen.

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 And the mitochondrion loses control of

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 the differentiated state.

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 That being anaerobic respiration.

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 Yeah, anaerobic.

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 You can grow cancer cells in the absence

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 of oxygen or in the presence

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 of cyanide and they survive.

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 So which would

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 normally kill normal cells.

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 And that's because their energy

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 metabolism is of an ancient type.

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 It's the type of energy that existed on

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 the planet before oxygen came into the

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 atmosphere two and a

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 half billion years ago.

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 It was a fermentation metabolism,

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 generating energy without oxygen.

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 And the default state of

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 cells is proliferation.

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 The default energy state

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 of cells is fermentation.

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 So when what cancer cells are doing is

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 they're simply falling back on their

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 default proliferative state and their

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 default energy state behaving, behaving

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 much as they were of all cells that

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 existed before oxygen, which was

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 unbridled proliferation.

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 And they would die as soon as the fuels

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 that drove the flow drove the

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 fermentation metabolism would dissipate

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 in the micro environment

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 and the cells would die.

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 So it was purely an energy

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 driven process without regulation.

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 During the origin of life on the planet,

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 archaeobacteria fused with other other

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 cells to develop the mitochondria.

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 And it was the mitochondria that allowed

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 the division of energetic labor in the

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 cells, allowing metazones to form and the

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 most complex multicellular organisms that

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 we have today all all due to the energy

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 capacity of the mitochondria.

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 And the nucleus, which everybody seems to

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 have focused on, is because you could see

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 it sometimes even with the naked eye,

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 whereas the mitochondria for centuries

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 could not be seen clearly until you had

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 the electron microscope and more

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 sophisticated ways of

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 looking at this organelle.

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 But in a nutshell, it's the mitochondria

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 that controls the

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 regulation of genes in the nucleus.

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 So all the epigenetic stuff you hear

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 about is mostly mitochondrial controlled

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 mitochondria controlled.

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 So the nucleus is kind of an obedient

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 slave of whatever the mitochondria does

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 because of that

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 organelle becomes corrupted.

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 The cell falls back as a and one of these

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 dysregulated growths.

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 So everything comes back to the origin of

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 cancer as a corruption of mitochondrial

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 function only in cells that can switch to

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 the ancient fermentation pathways, which

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 can explain why certain cells

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 in our body never become tumor.

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 Red blood cells can't become a tumor

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 because they have no mitochondria or

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 nucleus in the first place.

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 Neurons of our brain

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 cannot sustain fermentation.

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 So you rarely, if ever,

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 get cancers from neurons.

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 They get from real cells.

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 What about cardiac tissue?

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 Cardiac tissue rarely, if ever, gets

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 cancer because they cannot replace

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 oxidative phosphorylation with substrate

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 level phosphorylation.

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 So you rarely, if ever, get cancer of

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 muscle, a striate or cardiac tissue

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 because they die and you can't get a

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 cancer cell from a dead cell.

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 So we're able to go through the body and

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 look at the kinds of tissues that form

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 cancer because they have the capacity to

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 transition from oxidative phosphorylation

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 to substrate level phosphorylation, which

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 is a protracted event that

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 doesn't happen overnight.

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 You really have to abuse the hell out of

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 your mitochondria in a

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 chronic way to get cancer.

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 Cancer is very hard to get.

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 I know it's exploding as an epidemic, but

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 we abuse the crap out of our bodies and

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 that's why we're getting so much cancer.

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 But it's really hard to get cancer.

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 So when you say, well, how come so many

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 people because they because their bodies

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 have been chronically abused by a variety

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 of insults, many of which

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 they're not even aware of.

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 But that's that's how you get cancer.

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 It's a chronic disruption of oxidative

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 phosphorylation coupled to a compensatory

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 substrate level phosphorylation.

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 And Warburg knew this a long time ago

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 from the 1920s, but he only knew that it

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 was a glucose driven transition from.

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 But we now discovered and have I had the

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 concept but not the evidence.

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 But now we published the big paper

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 recently that the cancer cell can ferment

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 an amino acid called glutamine.

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 So you get sugar and amino acid

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 fermentation are driving the dysregulated

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 growth of the tumor cell.

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 And the field all thought it was

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 glutamine respiration oxidative but it's

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 not its glutamine fermentation within the

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 mitochondria itself.

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 So the very organelle that's supposed to

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 get energy through oxidative

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 phosphorylation is also producing energy

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 through substrate level phosphorylation,

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 which is a fermentation mechanism.

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 This is what's blowing

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 the doors off the field.

284
00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:06,625
 You know, they never realized that the

285
00:11:06,625 --> 00:11:08,041
 very organelle could also ferment.

286
00:11:10,291 --> 00:11:12,500
 And that goes back to its organ its its

287
00:11:12,500 --> 00:11:14,416
 origin as a bacteria itself.

288
00:11:15,333 --> 00:11:18,666
 So, you know, once once you understand

289
00:11:18,666 --> 00:11:20,500
 evolutionary biology, all the pieces of

290
00:11:20,500 --> 00:11:21,625
 cancer fall into place

291
00:11:21,625 --> 00:11:22,833
 quite, quite reasonably.

292
00:11:23,791 --> 00:11:24,833
 Now, it really does.

293
00:11:25,291 --> 00:11:26,625
 And I just love the fact you do brought

294
00:11:26,625 --> 00:11:28,791
 up the mitochondria as being more than

295
00:11:28,791 --> 00:11:30,166
 just this sort of this

296
00:11:30,166 --> 00:11:31,458
 energy factory or the body.

297
00:11:31,458 --> 00:11:32,958
 It's just involved in so many genetic

298
00:11:32,958 --> 00:11:35,125
 processes beyond just

299
00:11:35,125 --> 00:11:36,958
 helping to create ATP.

300
00:11:38,375 --> 00:11:40,291
 And yeah, thanks for that.

301
00:11:40,333 --> 00:11:42,000
 It really does sort of provide some

302
00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:44,000
 context to what is going for

303
00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:44,875
 the rest of the conversation.

304
00:11:45,791 --> 00:11:47,666
 I reckon the natural follow up then

305
00:11:47,666 --> 00:11:48,958
 again, this is quite a

306
00:11:48,958 --> 00:11:50,000
 loose question, I suppose.

307
00:11:51,416 --> 00:11:52,125
 I suppose.

308
00:11:53,916 --> 00:11:55,541
 And you've really answered this too,

309
00:11:56,666 --> 00:11:58,000
 to an degree.

310
00:11:58,291 --> 00:12:00,041
 But I'd sort of and beyond the sort of

311
00:12:00,041 --> 00:12:02,250
 the metabolic side of it, I'd love to

312
00:12:02,250 --> 00:12:05,125
 sort of get your your thoughts on the

313
00:12:05,125 --> 00:12:06,541
 different theories that

314
00:12:06,541 --> 00:12:07,791
 are sort of driving cancer.

315
00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:10,041
 Obviously, it's a complex,

316
00:12:10,041 --> 00:12:11,875
 this complex aetiology there.

317
00:12:12,500 --> 00:12:15,000
 And it's it would be and it shouldn't be

318
00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:18,125
 viewed from this sort of reductionist

319
00:12:18,125 --> 00:12:20,041
 viewpoint that there is just one

320
00:12:20,041 --> 00:12:21,708
 mechanism that causes cancer.

321
00:12:22,750 --> 00:12:24,750
 I know in my brief experience in academia

322
00:12:24,750 --> 00:12:26,583
 that people studying these conditions can

323
00:12:26,583 --> 00:12:28,041
 often get wrapped up in their own

324
00:12:28,041 --> 00:12:28,750
 mechanisms and

325
00:12:28,750 --> 00:12:30,916
 occasionally be blinded by research.

326
00:12:30,916 --> 00:12:32,291
 Obviously, you have a

327
00:12:32,291 --> 00:12:33,916
 fairly well-rounded view.

328
00:12:33,958 --> 00:12:36,041
 So would you mind talking us through the

329
00:12:36,041 --> 00:12:39,041
 various sort of and I hope sort of

330
00:12:39,041 --> 00:12:41,500
 phrases correctly proposed triggers,

331
00:12:41,500 --> 00:12:46,000
 maybe or underlying mechanisms that sort

332
00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:47,416
 of lead to the development of this

333
00:12:47,416 --> 00:12:49,500
 condition, sort of the genetic causes,

334
00:12:49,500 --> 00:12:51,333
 the environmental risk factors, the

335
00:12:51,333 --> 00:12:53,166
 immunological side of things?

336
00:12:53,750 --> 00:12:55,375
 I don't know if I phrased that correctly,

337
00:12:55,375 --> 00:12:56,625
 or if that makes sense.

338
00:12:57,166 --> 00:12:58,000
 Yeah, well, it does.

339
00:12:58,333 --> 00:12:59,875
 I mean, when you look at the history of

340
00:12:59,875 --> 00:13:02,208
 of the disorder that has intrigued

341
00:13:02,208 --> 00:13:04,083
 scientists, you know, for centuries,

342
00:13:05,416 --> 00:13:08,125
 you know, we knew about cancer a long

343
00:13:08,125 --> 00:13:10,625
 time ago, VirCal, and the 1800s people

344
00:13:10,625 --> 00:13:11,708
 were studying these things.

345
00:13:14,375 --> 00:13:16,083
 You know, and how does it start?

346
00:13:16,083 --> 00:13:17,833
 You know, you have the emergence of

347
00:13:17,833 --> 00:13:20,250
 different ideas, concepts of

348
00:13:20,250 --> 00:13:23,333
 what cancer, what cancer is.

349
00:13:23,333 --> 00:13:26,333
 The current view taken by all major

350
00:13:26,333 --> 00:13:31,000
 research centers and academic centers is

351
00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:32,291
 that it's a genetic disease.

352
00:13:33,583 --> 00:13:37,041
 I know the UK thinks that the United

353
00:13:37,041 --> 00:13:38,791
 States government, National Cancer

354
00:13:38,791 --> 00:13:39,916
 Institute, believe that.

355
00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:42,583
 I think most of the cancer institutes

356
00:13:42,583 --> 00:13:44,791
 around the world, the French, the

357
00:13:44,791 --> 00:13:47,333
 Germans, the English, all Western major,

358
00:13:47,625 --> 00:13:49,958
 and even in China and Japan and Korea,

359
00:13:51,541 --> 00:13:52,708
 you know, South America,

360
00:13:53,958 --> 00:13:55,500
 they're all of the view

361
00:13:55,500 --> 00:13:56,458
 that cancer is a genetic.

362
00:13:56,500 --> 00:14:00,208
 It seems to be some sort of a paralytic

363
00:14:00,208 --> 00:14:01,583
 mindset throughout the world.

364
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:04,041
 It's an indoctrination of brainwashing,

365
00:14:04,041 --> 00:14:06,625
 if you will, of what this

366
00:14:06,625 --> 00:14:08,083
 disease is supposed to be.

367
00:14:08,375 --> 00:14:10,041
 But it wasn't always that way.

368
00:14:11,791 --> 00:14:14,333
 You know, there was the viral cancer was

369
00:14:14,333 --> 00:14:17,500
 a virus caused by viruses.

370
00:14:19,083 --> 00:14:20,541
 Cancer was a metabolic disease.

371
00:14:21,375 --> 00:14:23,458
 You know, cancer is a genetic disease.

372
00:14:23,958 --> 00:14:27,875
 So you have to put all the views over

373
00:14:27,875 --> 00:14:31,125
 time into what it is.

374
00:14:31,625 --> 00:14:33,375
 And, you know, Warburg started the idea

375
00:14:33,375 --> 00:14:34,000
 that it was a

376
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:35,791
 mitochondrial metabolic disease.

377
00:14:37,375 --> 00:14:39,875
 But he couldn't explain certain things

378
00:14:39,875 --> 00:14:41,666
 which we now can't explain.

379
00:14:41,666 --> 00:14:43,166
 He didn't know about the glutamine issue,

380
00:14:43,166 --> 00:14:45,625
 nor did he realize that a lot of the

381
00:14:45,625 --> 00:14:48,500
 oxygen that cancer cells consume is not

382
00:14:48,500 --> 00:14:52,833
 used for ATP but produces reactive oxygen

383
00:14:52,833 --> 00:14:55,958
 species, ROS, which are radicals.

384
00:14:56,541 --> 00:14:58,791
 And they cause, in large part, the

385
00:14:58,791 --> 00:15:00,000
 mutations in the nucleus.

386
00:15:01,458 --> 00:15:05,041
 So, you know, certain viruses, okay,

387
00:15:05,458 --> 00:15:08,291
 well, we knew certain like papilloma

388
00:15:08,291 --> 00:15:09,625
 viruses and hepatitis

389
00:15:09,625 --> 00:15:13,416
 viruses and the Rous sarcoma virus.

390
00:15:13,416 --> 00:15:17,166
 Peyton Rous was a Nobel Prize receiver

391
00:15:17,166 --> 00:15:18,750
 for his virus particle.

392
00:15:19,500 --> 00:15:20,916
 We now put all that together.

393
00:15:20,916 --> 00:15:22,291
 We know all these viruses damage

394
00:15:22,291 --> 00:15:24,375
 oxidative phosphorylation, chronically

395
00:15:24,375 --> 00:15:26,000
 causing this transition to

396
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:27,541
 substrate-level phosphorylation.

397
00:15:28,416 --> 00:15:31,291
 But it was the Watson and Crick DNA

398
00:15:31,291 --> 00:15:33,500
 structural analysis that kind of sent the

399
00:15:33,500 --> 00:15:36,000
 whole field off into the abyss,

400
00:15:37,416 --> 00:15:40,000
 chasing stuff that we are still chasing.

401
00:15:40,666 --> 00:15:45,333
 Because it became exciting to bring a

402
00:15:45,333 --> 00:15:47,958
 very complicated mishi-marshi disease

403
00:15:47,958 --> 00:15:51,708
 back into a molecular configuration.

404
00:15:52,500 --> 00:15:53,791
 And I think that was,

405
00:15:54,458 --> 00:15:56,416
 I call it physics envy.

406
00:15:56,750 --> 00:16:01,583
 Biology had always been a poor stepchild

407
00:16:01,583 --> 00:16:03,958
 to the pure, rational thought of the

408
00:16:03,958 --> 00:16:05,333
 human mind, which was physics.

409
00:16:07,166 --> 00:16:11,375
 And when the DNA structure was defined,

410
00:16:11,375 --> 00:16:14,541
 and you could explain the arrangement of

411
00:16:14,541 --> 00:16:19,625
 amino acids and RNAs all linked back to

412
00:16:19,625 --> 00:16:22,750
 the structure of the DNA, biology was

413
00:16:22,750 --> 00:16:24,416
 brought from an observational

414
00:16:24,583 --> 00:16:28,958
 observational kind of a disorder or a

415
00:16:28,958 --> 00:16:32,041
 field into a more quantitative way.

416
00:16:32,625 --> 00:16:33,750
 And then, of course, as soon as you

417
00:16:33,750 --> 00:16:35,666
 started looking at cancer cells, you

418
00:16:35,666 --> 00:16:37,500
 start to see chromosomal abnormalities.

419
00:16:38,666 --> 00:16:41,083
 That goes back to Theodore Bovary, who

420
00:16:41,083 --> 00:16:42,458
 knew nothing about cancer.

421
00:16:42,458 --> 00:16:43,958
 And he said, "I think cancer might be

422
00:16:43,958 --> 00:16:45,208
 something to do with chromosomes."

423
00:16:46,708 --> 00:16:47,625
 Purely speculative.

424
00:16:47,625 --> 00:16:49,666
 He even said, "I'm probably wrong about

425
00:16:49,666 --> 00:16:50,541
 everything," and he was.

426
00:16:51,541 --> 00:16:53,583
 But the field grabbed ahold of him as the

427
00:16:53,583 --> 00:16:55,583
 father of the genetic theory of cancer.

428
00:16:56,291 --> 00:16:58,458
 And then, of course, you started to see

429
00:16:58,458 --> 00:16:59,250
 gene mutations

430
00:16:59,250 --> 00:17:00,916
 associated with certain cancers.

431
00:17:02,166 --> 00:17:05,500
 And then we spent billions of dollars on

432
00:17:05,500 --> 00:17:07,541
 the cancer genome projects, looking at

433
00:17:07,541 --> 00:17:08,583
 every kind of a mutation.

434
00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:13,750
 And then therapies, precision in medicine

435
00:17:13,750 --> 00:17:15,541
 and all this developed around the genomic

436
00:17:15,708 --> 00:17:18,625
 view of cancer, where we're going to have

437
00:17:18,625 --> 00:17:19,625
 precision medicines,

438
00:17:21,208 --> 00:17:22,833
 targeted therapies, and all this kind of

439
00:17:22,833 --> 00:17:25,041
 stuff, which is where we are today.

440
00:17:27,250 --> 00:17:31,125
 And all the governments and academic

441
00:17:31,125 --> 00:17:33,166
 institutions are giving away millions of

442
00:17:33,166 --> 00:17:35,583
 dollars in grants to people trying to

443
00:17:35,583 --> 00:17:38,416
 hunt down genes that could be responsible

444
00:17:38,416 --> 00:17:40,166
 for the dysregulated cell growth.

445
00:17:40,500 --> 00:17:42,333
 So it comes back.

446
00:17:42,750 --> 00:17:44,000
 We know cancer is a

447
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:45,791
 dysregulated cell growth.

448
00:17:45,791 --> 00:17:46,583
 What's causing that?

449
00:17:47,541 --> 00:17:49,875
 Well, according to the somatic mutation

450
00:17:49,875 --> 00:17:51,375
 theory, which is the dominant theory

451
00:17:51,375 --> 00:17:53,125
 today, it's mutations

452
00:17:53,125 --> 00:17:54,208
 that are causing that.

453
00:17:54,666 --> 00:17:56,125
 But I've clearly shown that those

454
00:17:56,125 --> 00:17:58,541
 mutations are largely irrelevant.

455
00:18:00,416 --> 00:18:05,333
 With our research, they can't attack it

456
00:18:05,333 --> 00:18:08,500
 because the evidence is too strong.

457
00:18:08,833 --> 00:18:10,208
 So when you have evidence that's

458
00:18:10,208 --> 00:18:11,958
 overwhelmingly strong and it's not

459
00:18:11,958 --> 00:18:13,208
 consistent with your general

460
00:18:13,208 --> 00:18:14,583
 theory, then you ignore it.

461
00:18:14,791 --> 00:18:15,500
 But you're only going

462
00:18:15,500 --> 00:18:16,625
 to ignore it for so long.

463
00:18:17,541 --> 00:18:19,666
 So when you develop a theory,

464
00:18:21,500 --> 00:18:23,666
 theories are supported by a massive

465
00:18:23,666 --> 00:18:25,333
 amounts of evidence.

466
00:18:26,375 --> 00:18:29,333
 The somatic mutation theory was very,

467
00:18:29,333 --> 00:18:32,000
 very strong because you found almost all

468
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:33,666
 cancers with somatic mutations.

469
00:18:34,916 --> 00:18:37,333
 And these somatic mutations, some of them

470
00:18:37,333 --> 00:18:39,958
 were linked to the cell cycle, which you

471
00:18:39,958 --> 00:18:43,791
 could then link a mutation in the genome

472
00:18:43,791 --> 00:18:45,250
 to something that would lead to

473
00:18:45,250 --> 00:18:46,666
 dysregulation or

474
00:18:46,666 --> 00:18:48,375
 dysfunction of the cell cycle.

475
00:18:49,250 --> 00:18:50,500
 And that made a lot of sense.

476
00:18:52,541 --> 00:18:55,291
 So people grabbed onto that.

477
00:18:55,291 --> 00:18:57,416
 And because it was so molecular and so

478
00:18:57,416 --> 00:19:02,708
 quantitative and approachable by really

479
00:19:02,708 --> 00:19:05,000
 sophisticated technologies which have

480
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:08,041
 developed around cancer, like all these

481
00:19:08,041 --> 00:19:11,666
 sequencing, unbelievable AI now,

482
00:19:12,208 --> 00:19:14,500
 artificial intelligence helping analysis

483
00:19:14,500 --> 00:19:17,166
 of sequencing, and all of the different

484
00:19:17,166 --> 00:19:19,375
 kinds and types of mutations that were

485
00:19:19,375 --> 00:19:20,625
 found in cancer cells.

486
00:19:20,625 --> 00:19:23,041
 I mean, it was an explosion of molecular

487
00:19:23,041 --> 00:19:25,000
 biology associated with cancer.

488
00:19:26,500 --> 00:19:27,208
 So that was very

489
00:19:27,208 --> 00:19:30,166
 attractive to a lot of people.

490
00:19:30,250 --> 00:19:35,583
 But then having done work in Meyerle lab

491
00:19:35,583 --> 00:19:38,416
 and seeing research that was far more

492
00:19:38,416 --> 00:19:40,291
 consistent with what Otto Wirberg said

493
00:19:40,291 --> 00:19:44,375
 than with the somatic mutation theory, I

494
00:19:44,375 --> 00:19:45,375
 began to look at this.

495
00:19:45,916 --> 00:19:49,000
 But getting back to theories, I like to

496
00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:52,625
 compare what's happening today with the

497
00:19:52,625 --> 00:19:54,916
 mitochondrial metabolic theory replacing

498
00:19:54,916 --> 00:19:57,833
 the somatic mutation theory because it really takes a lot of

499
00:19:57,833 --> 00:20:00,583
 evidence to replace a theory.

500
00:20:01,625 --> 00:20:03,416
 Einstein's theory of relativity could

501
00:20:03,416 --> 00:20:06,708
 still be replaced, but has not yet been.

502
00:20:07,375 --> 00:20:10,708
 And there are physicists that are

503
00:20:10,708 --> 00:20:13,083
 constantly trying to show where Einstein

504
00:20:13,083 --> 00:20:15,458
 was wrong, and they believe

505
00:20:15,458 --> 00:20:17,125
 they might, but they haven't.

506
00:20:17,791 --> 00:20:19,458
 Darwin's theory of evolution has been

507
00:20:19,458 --> 00:20:21,166
 challenged many times, but it has not

508
00:20:21,166 --> 00:20:24,458
 been overthrown because the data that

509
00:20:24,458 --> 00:20:25,666
 support it are stronger than the data that don't support it.

510
00:20:28,208 --> 00:20:29,416
 And then you have the geocentric

511
00:20:29,416 --> 00:20:31,458
 heliocentric theory of the solar system,

512
00:20:31,958 --> 00:20:35,458
 where for 1800 years, people thought that

513
00:20:35,458 --> 00:20:36,208
 the Earth was the

514
00:20:36,208 --> 00:20:37,500
 center of the solar system.

515
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,875
 And we developed equants, deference, and

516
00:20:40,875 --> 00:20:42,666
 epicycles to try to predict

517
00:20:42,666 --> 00:20:44,166
 the positions of the planets.

518
00:20:44,916 --> 00:20:46,208
 And Copernicus just

519
00:20:46,208 --> 00:20:48,041
 replaced the Earth with the sun.

520
00:20:48,833 --> 00:20:50,916
 And all of a sudden, a lot of stuff was

521
00:20:50,916 --> 00:20:51,041
 far less complicated and more understandable.

522
00:20:51,791 --> 00:20:57,291
 So the heliocentric theory replaced the

523
00:20:57,291 --> 00:21:00,125
 geocentric theory, opened up a scientific

524
00:21:00,125 --> 00:21:01,833
 revolution during the Middle Ages,

525
00:21:03,125 --> 00:21:04,375
 the Renaissance period.

526
00:21:05,583 --> 00:21:07,666
 What we're having today is that

527
00:21:07,666 --> 00:21:09,500
 mitochondrial metabolic theory is

528
00:21:09,500 --> 00:21:11,541
 overturning the somatic mutation theory.

529
00:21:11,541 --> 00:21:13,083
 And the consequences are going to be

530
00:21:13,083 --> 00:21:15,833
 every bit as phenomenal as what happened

531
00:21:15,833 --> 00:21:16,625
 during the Copernican revolution.

532
00:21:17,125 --> 00:21:22,291
 So we look at

533
00:21:22,291 --> 00:21:24,125
 evidence to support a theory.

534
00:21:24,666 --> 00:21:28,083
 If cancer is a disease of somatic

535
00:21:28,083 --> 00:21:30,000
 mutations, which is the current dogma,

536
00:21:30,666 --> 00:21:33,000
 irrefutable truth, the silent assumption,

537
00:21:33,583 --> 00:21:35,000
 cancer is a genetic disease.

538
00:21:35,666 --> 00:21:37,958
 Well, now with deep sequencing and deeper

539
00:21:37,958 --> 00:21:40,083
 analysis, we find some cancer cells that

540
00:21:40,083 --> 00:21:41,833
 don't have any mutations, yet they're

541
00:21:41,833 --> 00:21:42,958
 growing out of control.

542
00:21:43,875 --> 00:21:43,916
 So when I looked at those, there's not
 many papers that I've looked at.

543
00:21:43,958 --> 00:21:46,000
 So when I looked at those, there's not

544
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:47,333
 many papers, but there are

545
00:21:47,333 --> 00:21:49,125
 some very clear findings.

546
00:21:49,875 --> 00:21:51,208
 And then when I say, what do the

547
00:21:51,208 --> 00:21:53,291
 investigators who believe that cancer is

548
00:21:53,291 --> 00:21:56,000
 a genetic disease say about cancer cells

549
00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:57,458
 that don't have mutations or

550
00:21:57,458 --> 00:21:58,791
 they can't find any mutations?

551
00:21:59,250 --> 00:22:00,333
 And they don't say anything.

552
00:22:01,083 --> 00:22:02,541
 So when I went back and looked at their

553
00:22:02,541 --> 00:22:03,250
 explanation, they

554
00:22:03,250 --> 00:22:04,541
 didn't even, they ignored it.

555
00:22:04,541 --> 00:22:06,166
 They didn't even talk about the cancer

556
00:22:06,166 --> 00:22:07,500
 cells that had no mutations.

557
00:22:08,125 --> 00:22:09,666
 They just seemed to focus on all the

558
00:22:09,666 --> 00:22:11,000
 cancer cells that had mutations.

559
00:22:11,625 --> 00:22:12,875
 And I said, you got a glaring

560
00:22:12,875 --> 00:22:14,916
 inconsistency in your theory, staring you

561
00:22:14,916 --> 00:22:16,541
 in the face and you did not address it.

562
00:22:16,541 --> 00:22:17,708
 What the hell is going on with that?

563
00:22:18,916 --> 00:22:21,166
 Then, of course, they realized that

564
00:22:21,166 --> 00:22:23,083
 there's so many hundreds of thousands of

565
00:22:23,083 --> 00:22:24,791
 mutations in some of these tumor cells.

566
00:22:25,333 --> 00:22:26,791
 They all can't be drivers

567
00:22:26,791 --> 00:22:28,166
 of dysregulated cell growth.

568
00:22:28,833 --> 00:22:31,916
 So then the field decided to reclassify

569
00:22:31,916 --> 00:22:33,291
 some of the mutations as

570
00:22:33,291 --> 00:22:35,375
 passenger genes and driver genes.

571
00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:38,375
 So we then moved into the driver gene

572
00:22:38,375 --> 00:22:41,166
 mentality, which lasted several decades.

573
00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:44,666
 Where only some of these many mutations

574
00:22:44,666 --> 00:22:46,875
 are truly responsible for dysregulated

575
00:22:46,875 --> 00:22:48,208
 cell growth and we

576
00:22:48,208 --> 00:22:49,791
 redefined them as called drivers.

577
00:22:50,500 --> 00:22:53,208
 And that got, that generated a lot of

578
00:22:53,208 --> 00:22:57,083
 excitement since the 19, early 1980s, I

579
00:22:57,083 --> 00:22:59,250
 guess, middle eighties, driver genes,

580
00:22:59,250 --> 00:23:00,541
 driver, oh, the driver genes.

581
00:23:01,083 --> 00:23:02,791
 So now with deep sequencing and more

582
00:23:02,791 --> 00:23:05,625
 sophisticated technologies, we're finding

583
00:23:05,625 --> 00:23:07,541
 all kinds of mutations in

584
00:23:07,541 --> 00:23:09,875
 driver genes in our normal tissues.

585
00:23:10,916 --> 00:23:11,750
 Like you and me.

586
00:23:12,458 --> 00:23:15,166
 I mean, we got all kinds of mutations in

587
00:23:15,166 --> 00:23:18,125
 P53 and MIC and RAS and all these kinds

588
00:23:18,125 --> 00:23:20,500
 of genes that are in our normal tissues

589
00:23:20,500 --> 00:23:22,208
 and are not dysregulated in growth.

590
00:23:22,958 --> 00:23:24,083
 How do you explain that?

591
00:23:24,333 --> 00:23:25,375
 That's inconsistent with

592
00:23:25,375 --> 00:23:26,875
 your somatic mutation theory.

593
00:23:27,958 --> 00:23:29,916
 Are there any real sort of polygenic risk

594
00:23:29,916 --> 00:23:32,083
 goals maybe that sort of have been

595
00:23:32,083 --> 00:23:34,333
 identified in respect to this?

596
00:23:34,333 --> 00:23:36,791
 Well, the nuclear mitochondrial transfer

597
00:23:36,791 --> 00:23:39,375
 experiments throw, that's the real nail

598
00:23:39,375 --> 00:23:40,833
 in the coffin for the whole thing.

599
00:23:41,958 --> 00:23:44,666
 Because what was done on a variety of

600
00:23:44,666 --> 00:23:47,083
 different types of cancers is that the

601
00:23:47,083 --> 00:23:50,041
 nucleus of the tumor cell is now placed

602
00:23:50,041 --> 00:23:51,916
 in the cytoplasm of a

603
00:23:51,916 --> 00:23:53,208
 non-neoplastic cell.

604
00:23:54,291 --> 00:23:56,500
 And invariably you get regulated growth,

605
00:23:56,791 --> 00:23:58,750
 despite the continued presence of

606
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:00,833
 whatever kind of genetic abnormality

607
00:24:00,833 --> 00:24:02,000
 might have been in that nucleus.

608
00:24:02,458 --> 00:24:04,500
 Whether it was polygenic, whether it was

609
00:24:04,500 --> 00:24:06,250
 chromosomal, whether it was point

610
00:24:06,250 --> 00:24:09,375
 mutations, frame shift mutation, didn't

611
00:24:09,375 --> 00:24:10,166
 make any difference.

612
00:24:10,166 --> 00:24:13,083
 When that cancer nucleus was placed into

613
00:24:13,083 --> 00:24:15,791
 the cytoplasm of a non-cancerous cell,

614
00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:18,500
 that new cell no longer

615
00:24:18,500 --> 00:24:20,083
 had dysregulated cell growth.

616
00:24:20,500 --> 00:24:21,666
 That's quite interesting.

617
00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:24,666
 And that's been done repeatedly.

618
00:24:25,333 --> 00:24:27,458
 And in vivo and in vitro.

619
00:24:28,208 --> 00:24:30,875
 So in all kinds of experimental systems,

620
00:24:32,375 --> 00:24:34,458
 meaning that normal cytoplasm

621
00:24:34,458 --> 00:24:36,000
 suppresses neoplastic growth.

622
00:24:36,416 --> 00:24:39,000
 On the other hand, if the nucleus of a

623
00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:41,416
 normal cell is now placed in the

624
00:24:41,416 --> 00:24:44,125
 cytoplasm of a tumor cell, you've got

625
00:24:44,125 --> 00:24:45,291
 dysregulated growth,

626
00:24:46,333 --> 00:24:48,458
 which is completely the opposite of what

627
00:24:48,458 --> 00:24:49,500
 you would have expected on

628
00:24:49,500 --> 00:24:50,833
 the somatic mutation theory.

629
00:24:51,458 --> 00:24:54,666
 So when you have the opportunity to sit

630
00:24:54,666 --> 00:24:58,375
 down and carefully evaluate all of the

631
00:24:58,375 --> 00:25:00,125
 evidence from the nuclear mitochondrial

632
00:25:00,125 --> 00:25:03,083
 transfer experiments, also, if you have a

633
00:25:03,083 --> 00:25:06,791
 raging tumor cell and you replace the

634
00:25:06,791 --> 00:25:08,625
 mitochondria with normal mitochondria,

635
00:25:08,625 --> 00:25:10,041
 just put normal mitochondria, you get

636
00:25:10,041 --> 00:25:11,958
 complete downregulation of this

637
00:25:11,958 --> 00:25:13,083
 dysregulated growth.

638
00:25:13,541 --> 00:25:17,708
 You can convert a raging tumor cell into

639
00:25:17,708 --> 00:25:19,541
 an indolent tumor cell by putting normal

640
00:25:19,541 --> 00:25:21,291
 mitochondria back in the cytoplasm,

641
00:25:21,625 --> 00:25:22,875
 mitochondrial medicine type.

642
00:25:23,541 --> 00:25:25,708
 I was about to say, I'm getting ahead of

643
00:25:25,708 --> 00:25:27,041
 my curve and I'm going to shoot myself in

644
00:25:27,041 --> 00:25:28,958
 the foot by asking this question now, but

645
00:25:28,958 --> 00:25:31,500
 just with regards to that, then, is there

646
00:25:31,500 --> 00:25:34,833
 any thought to the idea that

647
00:25:34,833 --> 00:25:37,375
 mitochondrial transplants could be a

648
00:25:37,375 --> 00:25:40,500
 potential therapy in that regard?

649
00:25:41,208 --> 00:25:41,583
 Absolutely.

650
00:25:42,291 --> 00:25:43,791
 But that's the future.

651
00:25:44,208 --> 00:25:47,000
 It's not here yet, because we have to

652
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,375
 make sure that the mitochondria that are

653
00:25:49,375 --> 00:25:51,583
 transplanted are normal in numbers,

654
00:25:51,583 --> 00:25:52,375
 structure, and function.

655
00:25:53,208 --> 00:25:54,875
 And during the very process of

656
00:25:54,875 --> 00:25:55,666
 manipulating these

657
00:25:55,666 --> 00:25:57,916
 mitochondria, you can also damage them.

658
00:25:58,291 --> 00:26:00,083
 And you have to know how to do that.

659
00:26:00,458 --> 00:26:02,166
 So mitochondrial medicine

660
00:26:02,166 --> 00:26:03,291
 is going to be the future.

661
00:26:04,333 --> 00:26:05,416
 But where the technology

662
00:26:05,416 --> 00:26:07,958
 to do that is not here yet.

663
00:26:08,708 --> 00:26:11,250
 So our approach to managing cancer is

664
00:26:11,250 --> 00:26:13,166
 killing the tumor cells while not harming

665
00:26:13,166 --> 00:26:16,708
 the rest of the body and then allowing

666
00:26:16,833 --> 00:26:18,708
 people to live far longer with a higher

667
00:26:18,708 --> 00:26:21,500
 quality of life, while mitochondrial

668
00:26:21,500 --> 00:26:22,958
 medicine is under development.

669
00:26:23,666 --> 00:26:26,833
 That's the thing.

670
00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:30,041
 It's very interesting, because when you

671
00:26:30,041 --> 00:26:32,000
 have dysregulated cell growth in cancer,

672
00:26:32,500 --> 00:26:33,625
 they're fermenting like crazy.

673
00:26:34,250 --> 00:26:37,333
 And the oncogenes, which have generated

674
00:26:37,375 --> 00:26:40,000
 tremendous interest, we have shown, and

675
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:42,250
 others, HIF1, alpha, MIC, and these

676
00:26:42,250 --> 00:26:44,000
 things, they are there.

677
00:26:44,916 --> 00:26:47,041
 And they are facilitators of opening the

678
00:26:47,041 --> 00:26:48,333
 floodgates for fermentation

679
00:26:48,333 --> 00:26:49,750
 fuels to get into the cell.

680
00:26:50,166 --> 00:26:52,041
 And when you put new mitochondria into

681
00:26:52,041 --> 00:26:54,250
 the cell, the oncogenes turn off.

682
00:26:54,625 --> 00:26:55,833
 You don't need them anymore.

683
00:26:55,833 --> 00:26:57,000
 Why are you going to

684
00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:58,333
 ferment when I can respire?

685
00:26:58,708 --> 00:27:00,791
 So the oncogenes are no longer needed.

686
00:27:01,333 --> 00:27:03,500
 And normal mitochondrial respiration turn

687
00:27:03,500 --> 00:27:05,125
 off oncogene expression.

688
00:27:05,791 --> 00:27:07,500
 So you shut down the glycolysis and the

689
00:27:07,500 --> 00:27:09,166
 glutaminolysis pathways, because you

690
00:27:09,166 --> 00:27:10,500
 don't need glucose and glutamine.

691
00:27:10,791 --> 00:27:11,416
 You can respire.

692
00:27:11,958 --> 00:27:13,458
 Everything makes perfect sense.

693
00:27:13,625 --> 00:27:15,000
 And the data show that.

694
00:27:15,666 --> 00:27:18,041
 So where did all the mutations come from?

695
00:27:18,041 --> 00:27:21,625
 They came from the biology of inefficient

696
00:27:21,625 --> 00:27:24,708
 oxidative phosphorylation, throwing out

697
00:27:24,708 --> 00:27:27,208
 reactive oxygen species, which is the

698
00:27:27,208 --> 00:27:31,583
 superoxide and the anion, the OH radical,

699
00:27:32,083 --> 00:27:34,041
 which are carcinogenic and mutagenic.

700
00:27:34,541 --> 00:27:35,875
 And they come out of the dysfunctional

701
00:27:35,875 --> 00:27:37,916
 mitochondria, creating an escalating

702
00:27:37,916 --> 00:27:39,791
 situation of biological chaos.

703
00:27:40,583 --> 00:27:42,666
 So what we're seeing, or what the field

704
00:27:42,666 --> 00:27:44,625
 is mostly focusing on, is downstream

705
00:27:44,625 --> 00:27:47,000
 epiphenomena of the damage to

706
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:49,375
 mitochondria and all the

707
00:27:49,375 --> 00:27:51,708
 sequelae that follow that.

708
00:27:52,083 --> 00:27:53,750
 It's really amazing to me.

709
00:27:53,916 --> 00:27:55,791
 I just can't figure out how the field

710
00:27:55,791 --> 00:27:56,958
 doesn't understand this.

711
00:27:56,958 --> 00:27:58,250
 I try to, I don't know, maybe

712
00:27:58,250 --> 00:27:59,583
 I have to write it in crayon.

713
00:28:01,166 --> 00:28:03,583
 Sometimes you just have to do that.

714
00:28:03,583 --> 00:28:05,041
 You have to take the back of a neck and

715
00:28:05,041 --> 00:28:06,291
 smash the guy's face into

716
00:28:06,291 --> 00:28:08,541
 the evidence to let him see it.

717
00:28:08,916 --> 00:28:14,208
 But the interesting thing is that you see

718
00:28:14,208 --> 00:28:20,791
 all these clear evidence that you can

719
00:28:20,791 --> 00:28:24,166
 manage this disease quite effectively by

720
00:28:24,166 --> 00:28:27,208
 just depriving the cell of the two

721
00:28:27,208 --> 00:28:31,041
 fermentable fuels that it needs and then

722
00:28:31,041 --> 00:28:33,000
 transitioning the whole body over the

723
00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:34,958
 fuels that the tumor cells can't use.

724
00:28:36,333 --> 00:28:39,125
 So intrinsically,

725
00:28:40,875 --> 00:28:43,958
 people say, oh, cancer cells are so tough

726
00:28:43,958 --> 00:28:47,291
 and hardy, and they're so versatile.

727
00:28:47,541 --> 00:28:48,916
 That's total crap.

728
00:28:49,750 --> 00:28:51,791
 How do you explain a cell with a nucleus

729
00:28:51,875 --> 00:28:53,500
 blown to hell with all these mutations?

730
00:28:53,916 --> 00:28:54,500
 And you're going to

731
00:28:54,500 --> 00:28:57,500
 have that cell behave more

732
00:28:59,625 --> 00:29:02,541
 transitional and more flexible than the

733
00:29:02,541 --> 00:29:04,750
 cells in our body that evolved over

734
00:29:04,750 --> 00:29:08,083
 millions of years to adjust their

735
00:29:08,083 --> 00:29:10,208
 metabolism to the situation.

736
00:29:10,500 --> 00:29:12,708
 And the cancer cell can do this with a

737
00:29:12,708 --> 00:29:14,500
 nucleus that's blown to hell.

738
00:29:15,041 --> 00:29:17,208
 Makes no sense in evolutionary biology.

739
00:29:17,208 --> 00:29:17,583
 People don't

740
00:29:17,583 --> 00:29:19,291
 understand evolutionary biology.

741
00:29:20,500 --> 00:29:22,958
 The way you understand cancer and many

742
00:29:22,958 --> 00:29:25,125
 other diseases, you must understand

743
00:29:25,125 --> 00:29:26,458
 evolutionary biology.

744
00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:28,000
 And if you don't do that,

745
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:29,166
 you're going to be in the dark.

746
00:29:29,708 --> 00:29:30,916
 You're going to be in the dark.

747
00:29:31,458 --> 00:29:33,583
 And that explains a lot of the stuff that

748
00:29:33,583 --> 00:29:35,666
 we have in medicine today, because people

749
00:29:35,666 --> 00:29:37,666
 don't understand evolutionary biology.

750
00:29:37,666 --> 00:29:38,750
 They remain in the dark.

751
00:29:39,416 --> 00:29:41,083
 And as long as you remain in the dark,

752
00:29:41,083 --> 00:29:42,041
 you ain't moving forward.

753
00:29:43,208 --> 00:29:44,416
 So here's what they say.

754
00:29:45,291 --> 00:29:47,208
 Oh, cancer cells are tough to kill

755
00:29:47,208 --> 00:29:48,958
 because we're throwing everything at

756
00:29:48,958 --> 00:29:52,000
 radiation and chemo and immunotherapies.

757
00:29:52,500 --> 00:29:55,041
 And those damn cancer cells can survive.

758
00:29:55,625 --> 00:29:57,958
 They're protecting themselves with the

759
00:29:57,958 --> 00:29:59,000
 waste products of

760
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:00,375
 fermentation metabolism.

761
00:30:01,583 --> 00:30:02,791
 Everybody knows.

762
00:30:02,791 --> 00:30:04,458
 They say, oh, the cancer environment is

763
00:30:04,458 --> 00:30:06,875
 so acidified, it protects them from the

764
00:30:06,875 --> 00:30:07,916
 therapies that we have.

765
00:30:08,333 --> 00:30:10,583
 Where does the acidification come from?

766
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:12,500
 The waste products of glucose and

767
00:30:12,500 --> 00:30:13,625
 glutamine fermentation.

768
00:30:14,375 --> 00:30:16,375
 If you take away glucose and glutamine,

769
00:30:17,166 --> 00:30:19,583
 you remove the acidification of the micro

770
00:30:19,583 --> 00:30:21,583
 environment, making the tumor cells

771
00:30:21,583 --> 00:30:24,875
 extremely vulnerable to small doses of

772
00:30:24,875 --> 00:30:26,000
 radiation, chemo, and

773
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:27,000
 these other procedures.

774
00:30:28,041 --> 00:30:31,291
 How is that not understood by guys that

775
00:30:31,291 --> 00:30:32,583
 are supposed to be smart?

776
00:30:33,416 --> 00:30:35,333
 Don't you understand why the damn tumor

777
00:30:35,333 --> 00:30:36,875
 cells are not dying from

778
00:30:36,875 --> 00:30:37,833
 what you're throwing at them?

779
00:30:37,833 --> 00:30:38,916
 Because they're fermenting.

780
00:30:39,500 --> 00:30:40,750
 If they ferment, you take

781
00:30:40,750 --> 00:30:42,000
 away the fermentable fuels.

782
00:30:42,291 --> 00:30:43,333
 Oh, that can't be right.

783
00:30:43,333 --> 00:30:44,125
 It's too simple.

784
00:30:45,041 --> 00:30:45,333
 Yeah.

785
00:30:45,625 --> 00:30:46,166
 And it works.

786
00:30:46,500 --> 00:30:47,333
 And it is right.

787
00:30:47,666 --> 00:30:48,250
 Get over it.

788
00:30:48,708 --> 00:30:50,666
 You want to live longer, you take away

789
00:30:50,666 --> 00:30:52,791
 the fermentable fuels, and then you give

790
00:30:52,791 --> 00:30:55,833
 them fatty acids and ketones, and the

791
00:30:55,833 --> 00:30:56,958
 cancer cell can't because

792
00:30:56,958 --> 00:30:58,500
 you need a good mitochondria.

793
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:01,541
 Fatty acids and ketone bodies cannot be

794
00:31:01,541 --> 00:31:04,500
 used as a fuel by cancer cells because

795
00:31:04,500 --> 00:31:06,166
 the mitochondria are inefficient.

796
00:31:07,333 --> 00:31:09,500
 Fatty acids and ketone bodies can be used

797
00:31:09,500 --> 00:31:11,833
 by most of our normal cells because we

798
00:31:11,833 --> 00:31:12,125
 have good

799
00:31:12,125 --> 00:31:14,458
 mitochondria, healthy mitochondria.

800
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:17,375
 So we lower the blood sugar, elevate the

801
00:31:17,375 --> 00:31:19,750
 ketones, and then come in and target the

802
00:31:19,750 --> 00:31:23,625
 glutamine pathways strategically in an

803
00:31:23,625 --> 00:31:25,875
 approach that we developed, the press

804
00:31:25,875 --> 00:31:27,250
 pulse therapeutic strategy.

805
00:31:28,166 --> 00:31:31,000
 Glucose is a non-essential metabolite.

806
00:31:31,541 --> 00:31:34,458
 Glucose is a non-essential metabolite.

807
00:31:34,458 --> 00:31:36,041
 We can live with very, very minimal

808
00:31:36,041 --> 00:31:38,166
 levels of glucose just to keep our 

809
00:31:38,166 --> 00:31:40,000
erythrocytes moving oxygen

810
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:41,291
 and CO2 through the body.

811
00:31:41,500 --> 00:31:43,416
 It takes tiny amounts of glucose.

812
00:31:44,291 --> 00:31:47,291
 But the majority of muscles and brain can

813
00:31:47,291 --> 00:31:49,666
 all transition over to ketone bodies.

814
00:31:50,083 --> 00:31:51,000
 Tumor cells cannot.

815
00:31:51,708 --> 00:31:52,583
 We tested them.

816
00:31:52,583 --> 00:31:53,875
 We interrogated these cells.

817
00:31:55,083 --> 00:31:57,291
 Tumor cells collect huge droplets of

818
00:31:57,291 --> 00:31:59,666
 fatty acids in the cytoplasm because they

819
00:31:59,666 --> 00:32:01,333
 cannot use the fatty acids.

820
00:32:01,791 --> 00:32:03,625
 If you force the tumor cell to use the

821
00:32:03,625 --> 00:32:06,250
 fatty acids, it develops reactive oxygen

822
00:32:06,250 --> 00:32:08,750
 species and explodes and dies.

823
00:32:09,666 --> 00:32:11,583
 So that's why they store the fatty acids

824
00:32:11,583 --> 00:32:13,333
 in the cytoplasm because if they try to

825
00:32:13,333 --> 00:32:14,500
 use them, they're going to kill them.

826
00:32:14,958 --> 00:32:16,625
 So this is simply a protective mechanism.

827
00:32:17,125 --> 00:32:18,541
 I can't tell you how many people are

828
00:32:18,583 --> 00:32:20,708
 writing papers saying tumor cells love

829
00:32:20,708 --> 00:32:22,750
 fatty acids because they store them in

830
00:32:22,750 --> 00:32:23,750
 the cytoplasm because

831
00:32:23,750 --> 00:32:24,541
 they need them for fuel.

832
00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:27,000
 Yeah, well, try to goose the cell to use

833
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:28,250
 the fatty acids and all

834
00:32:28,250 --> 00:32:29,208
 of a sudden the cell dies.

835
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:32,083
 Try to grow your cells, your cancer cells

836
00:32:32,083 --> 00:32:34,000
 in the absence of glucose and glutamine

837
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:35,291
 in the presence of fatty

838
00:32:35,291 --> 00:32:36,458
 acids in ketone bodies.

839
00:32:36,458 --> 00:32:37,375
 With no glucose, no

840
00:32:37,375 --> 00:32:39,041
 fermentable fuels, they die.

841
00:32:39,541 --> 00:32:40,458
 So it becomes very

842
00:32:40,458 --> 00:32:41,583
 clear how to manage cancer.

843
00:32:42,250 --> 00:32:44,416
 So we're aware of this.

844
00:32:44,958 --> 00:32:46,583
 Unfortunately, the field still has to

845
00:32:46,583 --> 00:32:47,500
 come to grips with this

846
00:32:47,500 --> 00:32:50,125
 and I think they slowly are,

847
00:32:51,125 --> 00:32:53,208
 but it takes time, unfortunately.

848
00:32:54,125 --> 00:32:54,541
 Yeah, I know.

849
00:32:55,250 --> 00:32:55,916
 I think we could

850
00:32:55,916 --> 00:32:57,875
 probably stop the podcast there.

851
00:32:57,875 --> 00:32:58,416
 That was incredible.

852
00:32:58,625 --> 00:32:59,041
 Thank you.

853
00:32:59,041 --> 00:32:59,833
 I'm definitely going to have

854
00:32:59,833 --> 00:33:02,333
 to re-listen to a bunch of that.

855
00:33:02,875 --> 00:33:04,750
 Well, not only listen, not only re-listen

856
00:33:04,750 --> 00:33:05,750
 to it, read the damn

857
00:33:05,750 --> 00:33:06,916
 papers that we published.

858
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:10,458
 I go into great biochemical details.

859
00:33:10,458 --> 00:33:14,125
 I have the evidence put out in those

860
00:33:14,125 --> 00:33:15,208
 papers that we published

861
00:33:15,208 --> 00:33:16,250
 and they're open access.

862
00:33:17,083 --> 00:33:18,375
 So everybody can read them.

863
00:33:18,375 --> 00:33:20,166
 Anybody with a few functional brain cells

864
00:33:20,583 --> 00:33:22,458
 can sit down and read these papers and

865
00:33:22,458 --> 00:33:25,458
 make their own decision as to what they

866
00:33:25,458 --> 00:33:27,000
 think in light of that.

867
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:28,958
 I do a compare and contrast the theories.

868
00:33:28,958 --> 00:33:31,833
 I do the evidence supporting the

869
00:33:31,833 --> 00:33:33,458
 different theories and you tell me what

870
00:33:33,458 --> 00:33:34,375
 you think is happening.

871
00:33:35,375 --> 00:33:38,666
 And I learned there's very few people

872
00:33:38,666 --> 00:33:40,250
 that actually understand or not

873
00:33:40,250 --> 00:33:41,208
 understand that who read

874
00:33:41,208 --> 00:33:42,416
 actually read the literature.

875
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:45,625
 They all wait and they only do what other

876
00:33:45,625 --> 00:33:47,958
 people are doing and they ask other

877
00:33:47,958 --> 00:33:49,125
 people what they think.

878
00:33:49,916 --> 00:33:50,458
 And if the person

879
00:33:50,458 --> 00:33:51,416
 says, "Oh, no, it can't be.

880
00:33:51,833 --> 00:33:53,041
 Okay, then I believe it can't be."

881
00:33:53,416 --> 00:33:54,958
 Why don't you use your own brain cells

882
00:33:54,958 --> 00:33:56,833
 and analyze the data for yourself?

883
00:33:58,083 --> 00:34:00,000
 That's one of the great things about

884
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:02,750
 humans is we have a rational mind.

885
00:34:03,500 --> 00:34:05,750
 That's what we were gifted with.

886
00:34:06,208 --> 00:34:08,125
 But I'll tell you, dogmatic views,

887
00:34:08,583 --> 00:34:10,708
 political, religion, all that takes away

888
00:34:10,708 --> 00:34:11,750
 from rational thinking.

889
00:34:12,541 --> 00:34:15,000
 And when you lose your ability to sit and

890
00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:16,750
 rationalize, then you

891
00:34:16,750 --> 00:34:18,000
 lose a part of your humanity.

892
00:34:18,875 --> 00:34:21,375
 And what we're seeing here, the reason

893
00:34:21,375 --> 00:34:23,958
 why there's a delay in the movement from

894
00:34:23,958 --> 00:34:25,750
 the somatic mutation theory to the

895
00:34:25,750 --> 00:34:27,458
 mitochondrial metabolic theory, which

896
00:34:27,458 --> 00:34:30,500
 will prevent and manage

897
00:34:30,500 --> 00:34:31,583
 diseases dramatically.

898
00:34:31,875 --> 00:34:33,250
 We're going to drop cancer death rates

899
00:34:33,250 --> 00:34:34,208
 like there's no tomorrow.

900
00:34:34,500 --> 00:34:36,208
 We're going to keep people alive because

901
00:34:36,208 --> 00:34:37,500
 we understand the science

902
00:34:37,500 --> 00:34:38,541
 supporting what we're saying.

903
00:34:39,333 --> 00:34:41,041
 And then once people start looking at it

904
00:34:41,041 --> 00:34:43,125
 and seeing that we are essentially

905
00:34:43,125 --> 00:34:46,875
 correct, not on all the minutia, we can

906
00:34:46,875 --> 00:34:49,375
 always work out minutia later on.

907
00:34:49,375 --> 00:34:51,125
 But the bottom line is how long can I

908
00:34:51,125 --> 00:34:52,000
 keep somebody with a

909
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:53,166
 stage four tumor alive?

910
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:55,625
 Oh, he's got three months to live.

911
00:34:55,625 --> 00:34:56,291
 Are you kidding me?

912
00:34:56,291 --> 00:34:57,625
 We've got people that were given those

913
00:34:57,625 --> 00:34:59,166
 days, they're still alive five and six

914
00:34:59,166 --> 00:35:01,041
 years later because they've transitioned

915
00:35:01,041 --> 00:35:03,000
 their body over to nutritional ketosis

916
00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:05,333
 and came in with certain low dose

917
00:35:05,333 --> 00:35:07,250
 medications to kill off the tumor cells.

918
00:35:07,666 --> 00:35:09,916
 So I know it's going to work because I've

919
00:35:09,916 --> 00:35:12,083
 seen enough preclinical studies and human

920
00:35:12,083 --> 00:35:14,750
 studies, small trials, to know this will

921
00:35:14,750 --> 00:35:16,083
 work and keeps people alive.

922
00:35:16,958 --> 00:35:18,458
 Unfortunately, you go to the top

923
00:35:18,458 --> 00:35:19,708
 hospitals and they tell you,

924
00:35:19,708 --> 00:35:20,583
 oh, no, you got to have this.

925
00:35:20,833 --> 00:35:21,958
 Did you ever hear the

926
00:35:21,958 --> 00:35:22,916
 cancer is a med about?

927
00:35:22,916 --> 00:35:24,375
 No, I never heard of it.

928
00:35:24,375 --> 00:35:27,000
 Eat sugar, eat all the

929
00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:28,541
 high carbohydrate diets.

930
00:35:29,583 --> 00:35:29,916
 Why?

931
00:35:30,375 --> 00:35:31,583
 Oh, because you're losing weight.

932
00:35:31,791 --> 00:35:32,750
 Why am I losing weight?

933
00:35:32,750 --> 00:35:33,583
 Well, you have cancer and

934
00:35:33,583 --> 00:35:34,833
 we just try to poison you.

935
00:35:35,375 --> 00:35:36,916
 Anybody who's poisoned loses weight.

936
00:35:37,583 --> 00:35:39,458
 So you get nausea and

937
00:35:39,458 --> 00:35:40,625
 vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue.

938
00:35:41,333 --> 00:35:42,125
 Why are you doing that?

939
00:35:42,125 --> 00:35:43,958
 Well, we use the toxic poison on you.

940
00:35:43,958 --> 00:35:44,791
 Why are you doing that?

941
00:35:44,791 --> 00:35:45,333
 Well, we're trying to

942
00:35:45,333 --> 00:35:46,208
 kill your tumor cells.

943
00:35:46,458 --> 00:35:47,208
 I went bald.

944
00:35:47,208 --> 00:35:47,541
 Why?

945
00:35:47,541 --> 00:35:48,291
 Why you go bald?

946
00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:50,250
 I lost all my hair.

947
00:35:50,833 --> 00:35:52,916
 Oh, did you have tumor cells growing in

948
00:35:52,916 --> 00:35:53,500
 your hair follicles?

949
00:35:54,125 --> 00:35:55,666
 No, they just happened to die.

950
00:35:55,708 --> 00:35:57,208
 You're trying to kill tumor cells, not

951
00:35:57,208 --> 00:35:59,541
 kill your hair or blow out your gut.

952
00:35:59,958 --> 00:36:02,166
 That tells you that those are the

953
00:36:02,166 --> 00:36:06,375
 procedures of people who lack knowledge.

954
00:36:06,875 --> 00:36:10,000
 What we're seeing is the result of

955
00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:11,666
 massive lack of knowledge on the

956
00:36:11,666 --> 00:36:13,333
 biochemistry and biology of the very

957
00:36:13,333 --> 00:36:14,875
 disease that people are working with.

958
00:36:15,708 --> 00:36:19,125
 And we're using medieval therapies that

959
00:36:19,125 --> 00:36:20,166
 are torturing people.

960
00:36:20,166 --> 00:36:21,750
 I think people during the Spanish

961
00:36:21,750 --> 00:36:24,500
 Inquisition would be very impressed with

962
00:36:24,500 --> 00:36:25,541
 how we're torturing cancer

963
00:36:25,541 --> 00:36:27,041
 patients in these hospitals.

964
00:36:27,791 --> 00:36:29,166
 They could say, "Well, we can learn

965
00:36:29,166 --> 00:36:30,291
 something from you guys.

966
00:36:30,791 --> 00:36:33,333
 Where do I get Red Devil Doxorubicin?

967
00:36:33,333 --> 00:36:34,958
 We could give that to a heretic."

968
00:36:35,416 --> 00:36:37,250
 It's terrible for me

969
00:36:37,250 --> 00:36:38,208
 to say stuff like this.

970
00:36:38,541 --> 00:36:42,500
 But when you see 1700 people a day in the

971
00:36:42,500 --> 00:36:44,500
 United States dying from cancer, 70

972
00:36:44,500 --> 00:36:46,666
 people an hour, and you see cancer

973
00:36:46,666 --> 00:36:48,250
 getting worse and worse around the world,

974
00:36:48,291 --> 00:36:50,791
 I mean, grab somebody by the throat and

975
00:36:50,791 --> 00:36:52,166
 say, "What the hell are we doing?

976
00:36:52,500 --> 00:36:54,041
 Why are we allowing this to happen?"

977
00:36:54,416 --> 00:36:55,958
 Because of a failed theory.

978
00:36:55,958 --> 00:36:57,833
 That's what it is, a theory that's no

979
00:36:57,833 --> 00:36:59,291
 longer supported by the evidence.

980
00:36:59,625 --> 00:37:01,458
 And you guys keep treating people based

981
00:37:01,458 --> 00:37:02,708
 on an incorrect theory,

982
00:37:02,708 --> 00:37:04,000
 and the outcome is abysmal.

983
00:37:04,625 --> 00:37:04,833
 Yeah.

984
00:37:04,833 --> 00:37:05,875
 What did Einstein say?

985
00:37:06,291 --> 00:37:07,833
 Insanity is doing the same thing over and

986
00:37:07,833 --> 00:37:09,125
 over again and expecting a different

987
00:37:09,125 --> 00:37:10,416
 result, something to that extent.

988
00:37:10,958 --> 00:37:11,208
 Yes.

989
00:37:12,125 --> 00:37:13,958
 Well, why are they doing?

990
00:37:14,208 --> 00:37:15,625
 Don't they know what Einstein said?

991
00:37:16,250 --> 00:37:18,541
 Did they not hear what Einstein said?

992
00:37:19,500 --> 00:37:21,708
 And there's another issue of morality,

993
00:37:22,333 --> 00:37:23,875
 which is even a worse issue.

994
00:37:24,458 --> 00:37:26,291
 You don't like to be referred to as an

995
00:37:26,291 --> 00:37:28,500
 immoral person, but when you're taking

996
00:37:28,500 --> 00:37:31,500
 drugs that are not based on the correct

997
00:37:31,500 --> 00:37:34,416
 theory and treating people with them and

998
00:37:34,416 --> 00:37:36,000
 knowing that they won't work,

999
00:37:37,208 --> 00:37:38,500
 and that's immoral.

1000
00:37:39,458 --> 00:37:41,458
 And the other part of this is that many

1001
00:37:41,458 --> 00:37:43,708
 of those drugs are very, very expensive.

1002
00:37:44,708 --> 00:37:48,166
 And what happens, they not only cause

1003
00:37:48,166 --> 00:37:49,791
 physical toxicity, they

1004
00:37:49,791 --> 00:37:51,250
 cause financial toxicity.

1005
00:37:52,166 --> 00:37:54,916
 Many people, their marriage is dissolved,

1006
00:37:54,916 --> 00:37:58,083
 they commit suicide, the cost is passed

1007
00:37:58,083 --> 00:38:00,000
 on to the surviving relatives.

1008
00:38:01,375 --> 00:38:04,958
 And for folks that are not well off, a

1009
00:38:04,958 --> 00:38:07,041
 $20,000 bill, even though they covered

1010
00:38:07,041 --> 00:38:08,958
 80% of the 100,000,

1011
00:38:08,958 --> 00:38:10,958
 20,000 can cripple a family.

1012
00:38:11,875 --> 00:38:12,958
 With limited means.

1013
00:38:13,291 --> 00:38:14,000
 This is immoral.

1014
00:38:14,791 --> 00:38:15,666
 The whole cancer

1015
00:38:15,666 --> 00:38:17,291
 industry is an immoral industry.

1016
00:38:18,250 --> 00:38:20,250
 They're allowing people to suffer and die

1017
00:38:20,250 --> 00:38:21,750
 based on an incorrect theory.

1018
00:38:22,458 --> 00:38:23,333
 And they're allowing

1019
00:38:23,458 --> 00:38:25,666
 physical and financial toxicity.

1020
00:38:26,416 --> 00:38:28,000
 These are immoral acts.

1021
00:38:28,791 --> 00:38:32,750
 And we have a strategy that can

1022
00:38:32,750 --> 00:38:35,875
 absolutely reduce the deaths of cancer,

1023
00:38:35,875 --> 00:38:37,458
 keep people alive with a higher quality

1024
00:38:37,458 --> 00:38:38,833
 of life, and it's not being

1025
00:38:38,833 --> 00:38:40,500
 done anywhere on the planet.

1026
00:38:40,958 --> 00:38:42,458
 Now you tell me what's wrong with that.

1027
00:38:43,708 --> 00:38:46,041
 Yeah, I'm not even going to try and sort

1028
00:38:46,041 --> 00:38:47,291
 of answer that

1029
00:38:47,291 --> 00:38:48,416
 question just at this point.

1030
00:38:49,708 --> 00:38:49,916
 Dr.

1031
00:38:50,041 --> 00:38:51,125
 Seifried, again, that

1032
00:38:51,125 --> 00:38:52,250
 was an amazing answer.

1033
00:38:52,500 --> 00:38:52,833
 Thank you.

1034
00:38:53,250 --> 00:38:56,041
 I'd just like to take a step back quickly

1035
00:38:56,041 --> 00:38:58,333
 and discuss, have a quick discussion

1036
00:38:58,333 --> 00:39:01,291
 about your thoughts on testing.

1037
00:39:01,625 --> 00:39:04,291
 Now, the way I see testing, testing is

1038
00:39:04,291 --> 00:39:06,375
 generally done quite acutely when

1039
00:39:06,375 --> 00:39:07,458
 somebody presents with

1040
00:39:07,458 --> 00:39:08,458
 a disease in this case.

1041
00:39:09,458 --> 00:39:11,958
 You'll obviously get a physical exam

1042
00:39:11,958 --> 00:39:13,916
 done, some sort of imaging, probably some

1043
00:39:13,916 --> 00:39:16,416
 sort of biopsy as well, some blood tests

1044
00:39:16,416 --> 00:39:18,708
 looking at various biomarkers, et cetera.

1045
00:39:19,125 --> 00:39:20,500
 But in no way is this

1046
00:39:20,500 --> 00:39:22,000
 sort of testing preventative.

1047
00:39:22,958 --> 00:39:27,666
 It generally is only treated and dealt

1048
00:39:27,666 --> 00:39:29,166
 with when the issues arise.

1049
00:39:29,625 --> 00:39:30,833
 Now, obviously, there are various

1050
00:39:30,833 --> 00:39:32,500
 technologies that are starting to sort of

1051
00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:35,083
 come up to things like liquid biopsies.

1052
00:39:35,541 --> 00:39:36,583
 Maybe you could elucidate on that

1053
00:39:36,583 --> 00:39:39,083
 slightly and these full-body MRIs, which

1054
00:39:39,083 --> 00:39:41,000
 are obviously somewhat controversial in

1055
00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:42,833
 the sense that they may or

1056
00:39:42,833 --> 00:39:44,625
 may not pick up incident lomas.

1057
00:39:45,500 --> 00:39:49,625
 The idea of finding an issue that may not

1058
00:39:49,625 --> 00:39:51,208
 be an issue that then requires further

1059
00:39:51,208 --> 00:39:53,208
 investigation that then may or may not

1060
00:39:53,208 --> 00:39:54,541
 actually turn into an issue.

1061
00:39:56,041 --> 00:39:56,916
 What's your stance on

1062
00:39:56,916 --> 00:39:59,000
 early detection as a whole?

1063
00:39:59,333 --> 00:40:00,625
 Do you think it's something we should be

1064
00:40:00,625 --> 00:40:02,666
 exploring more beyond just the basic get

1065
00:40:02,666 --> 00:40:03,583
 your colonoscopy done

1066
00:40:03,583 --> 00:40:04,625
 when you hit 40 plus?

1067
00:40:05,208 --> 00:40:07,500
 Or does the whole thing again about

1068
00:40:07,500 --> 00:40:10,166
 incident lomas and treating cancer from

1069
00:40:10,166 --> 00:40:12,791
 that perspective and, excuse me, treating

1070
00:40:12,791 --> 00:40:14,833
 and scanning for cancer from that

1071
00:40:14,833 --> 00:40:15,833
 perspective generally make

1072
00:40:15,833 --> 00:40:16,833
 it a bit of a mute point?

1073
00:40:17,833 --> 00:40:19,083
 Yeah, well, you have a couple

1074
00:40:19,083 --> 00:40:21,541
 of things here to break down.

1075
00:40:22,833 --> 00:40:26,041
 The diagnostics, I'm in favor of

1076
00:40:26,041 --> 00:40:28,958
 non-invasive diagnostic approaches.

1077
00:40:29,708 --> 00:40:34,958
 If we have a liquid biopsy that's 95%

1078
00:40:35,416 --> 00:40:37,500
 accurate in determining whether or not

1079
00:40:37,500 --> 00:40:39,750
 you have a neoplastic growth somewhere in

1080
00:40:39,750 --> 00:40:41,416
 your body, I'm all for that.

1081
00:40:43,125 --> 00:40:46,583
 And then non-invasive imaging, whether

1082
00:40:46,583 --> 00:40:49,166
 it's a PET scan, MRI, CAT scan, or one of

1083
00:40:49,166 --> 00:40:51,333
 these kinds of things, I'm not in favor

1084
00:40:51,333 --> 00:40:54,291
 of biopsy because I have seen so many

1085
00:40:54,291 --> 00:40:55,833
 papers published in the scientific

1086
00:40:55,833 --> 00:40:59,750
 literature showing that when you stab a

1087
00:40:59,750 --> 00:41:03,125
 cancer, you run the risk of causing

1088
00:41:03,125 --> 00:41:06,666
 metastasis, metastasis where the spread

1089
00:41:06,666 --> 00:41:09,291
 of the tumor, the cells can spread around

1090
00:41:09,291 --> 00:41:11,458
 your body making what was formerly a

1091
00:41:11,458 --> 00:41:14,916
 localized problem, a systemic problem.

1092
00:41:15,750 --> 00:41:20,500
 So I'm in favor of four diagnostics,

1093
00:41:22,625 --> 00:41:26,041
 colonoscopies and and breast

1094
00:41:26,041 --> 00:41:27,500
 things and stuff like this.

1095
00:41:28,125 --> 00:41:29,375
 Those are, you know, I

1096
00:41:29,375 --> 00:41:30,875
 don't know what to say

1097
00:41:31,958 --> 00:41:32,833
 about that.

1098
00:41:33,208 --> 00:41:34,125
 I know there's a lot of

1099
00:41:34,125 --> 00:41:35,416
 controversy about that.

1100
00:41:35,416 --> 00:41:38,250
 And most people who develop cancer have

1101
00:41:38,250 --> 00:41:41,458
 certain physical signs in

1102
00:41:41,458 --> 00:41:43,000
 their body that something is wrong.

1103
00:41:43,750 --> 00:41:44,666
 Like you said, a lump,

1104
00:41:46,500 --> 00:41:50,375
 a wound that doesn't heal blood that

1105
00:41:50,375 --> 00:41:52,583
 continues to come from some location.

1106
00:41:53,291 --> 00:41:58,791
 You know, those can be then liquid biopsy

1107
00:41:58,791 --> 00:42:01,083
 to see if there's a real linkage to some

1108
00:42:01,083 --> 00:42:04,250
 neoplasia, a scanning of the body or

1109
00:42:04,250 --> 00:42:05,291
 something along these lines.

1110
00:42:06,083 --> 00:42:08,250
 And then once you would make a diagnosis

1111
00:42:08,750 --> 00:42:11,083
 without a biopsy, you see a lump.

1112
00:42:11,708 --> 00:42:14,083
 Okay, let's launch into metabolic therapy

1113
00:42:14,083 --> 00:42:15,541
 and see if we can shrink the lump

1114
00:42:15,541 --> 00:42:18,833
 naturally with diet drug combinations,

1115
00:42:19,750 --> 00:42:22,375
 non-toxic drugs and diets that we've

1116
00:42:22,375 --> 00:42:23,375
 developed here at BC.

1117
00:42:24,750 --> 00:42:26,250
 And if you shrink the lump and it goes

1118
00:42:26,250 --> 00:42:30,208
 away, and the imaging analysis and the

1119
00:42:30,208 --> 00:42:31,958
 liquid biopsy data, what happened?

1120
00:42:32,166 --> 00:42:32,833
 Where did it go?

1121
00:42:32,833 --> 00:42:33,916
 I don't see any of the

1122
00:42:33,916 --> 00:42:35,291
 markers that were there previously.

1123
00:42:35,875 --> 00:42:36,458
 That's great.

1124
00:42:36,958 --> 00:42:38,291
 And if it doesn't go away completely,

1125
00:42:39,291 --> 00:42:42,208
 you might have shrunken it down and make

1126
00:42:42,208 --> 00:42:44,958
 it much smaller, in which case a surgical

1127
00:42:44,958 --> 00:42:48,875
 procedure or a dose of radiation at a

1128
00:42:48,875 --> 00:42:50,625
 very defined spot could

1129
00:42:50,625 --> 00:42:52,375
 be potentially curative.

1130
00:42:53,541 --> 00:42:56,250
 So there's a lot of ways to diagnose and

1131
00:42:56,250 --> 00:42:58,041
 treat cancer in the early stages

1132
00:42:58,041 --> 00:43:01,125
 different than what we're doing today.

1133
00:43:01,791 --> 00:43:02,500
 You know, we're doing too

1134
00:43:02,500 --> 00:43:04,458
 radical on this whole thing.

1135
00:43:04,958 --> 00:43:06,500
 You know, you see a lump in the rip the

1136
00:43:06,500 --> 00:43:07,541
 person's breasts off

1137
00:43:07,541 --> 00:43:08,541
 or something like this.

1138
00:43:09,333 --> 00:43:10,583
 You know, I don't know what to say about

1139
00:43:10,583 --> 00:43:13,625
 colonoscopies or breast exam exams.

1140
00:43:13,625 --> 00:43:14,875
 Breast cancer rises every

1141
00:43:14,875 --> 00:43:16,291
 year in females in this country.

1142
00:43:17,041 --> 00:43:18,666
 Colorectal cancer is on the rise.

1143
00:43:18,666 --> 00:43:20,000
 So I don't know what's going on.

1144
00:43:20,333 --> 00:43:23,000
 All the major cancers seem to be, many of

1145
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:24,958
 the major cancers seem to be on the rise.

1146
00:43:25,291 --> 00:43:26,000
 It's happening in

1147
00:43:26,000 --> 00:43:27,083
 younger and younger people.

1148
00:43:27,583 --> 00:43:29,375
 Yeah, if you're to speculate, do you

1149
00:43:29,375 --> 00:43:31,083
 think that is an environmental issue,

1150
00:43:31,458 --> 00:43:34,708
 just sort of maybe excess sort of

1151
00:43:34,708 --> 00:43:38,000
 zenoestrogens in the environment that are

1152
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:39,750
 particularly just from a breast cancer

1153
00:43:39,750 --> 00:43:40,583
 perspective, maybe

1154
00:43:40,583 --> 00:43:41,750
 triggering these issues?

1155
00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:43,500
 Or is that a bit productionist again?

1156
00:43:44,333 --> 00:43:45,791
 I think most of it is environmental.

1157
00:43:46,833 --> 00:43:48,291
 I mean, there are some people who have

1158
00:43:48,291 --> 00:43:51,250
 genetic predispositions to

1159
00:43:51,250 --> 00:43:53,416
 insults from the environment.

1160
00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:55,000
 You have to realize

1161
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:58,916
 that cancer is a disease.

1162
00:43:58,916 --> 00:44:00,666
 In fact, not only cancer, most of the

1163
00:44:00,666 --> 00:44:02,416
 chronic diseases that we are dealing

1164
00:44:02,416 --> 00:44:04,875
 with, which is dementia, type 2 diabetes,

1165
00:44:04,875 --> 00:44:06,958
 obesity, hypertension, high blood

1166
00:44:06,958 --> 00:44:09,291
 pressure, a lot of neuropsychiatric

1167
00:44:09,291 --> 00:44:12,291
 problems, are all the result of

1168
00:44:12,291 --> 00:44:14,041
 mitochondrial dysfunction in one way or

1169
00:44:14,041 --> 00:44:17,125
 another, caused by the diet lifestyle

1170
00:44:17,125 --> 00:44:18,875
 that we're all under.

1171
00:44:20,916 --> 00:44:25,166
 And we know this pretty much because

1172
00:44:25,250 --> 00:44:28,375
 Paleolithic men would not have had any of

1173
00:44:28,375 --> 00:44:29,833
 these kinds of conditions.

1174
00:44:31,166 --> 00:44:32,416
 They died predominantly

1175
00:44:32,666 --> 00:44:34,583
 from infections and injuries.

1176
00:44:36,500 --> 00:44:38,500
 They did not have orthopedic surgeons to

1177
00:44:38,500 --> 00:44:40,250
 repair a broken knee from

1178
00:44:40,250 --> 00:44:42,291
 some guy gored by a buffalo.

1179
00:44:44,083 --> 00:44:46,458
 And how do we know that?

1180
00:44:46,458 --> 00:44:48,458
 Because people say, "Well, you weren't

1181
00:44:48,458 --> 00:44:49,500
 there during Paleolithic

1182
00:44:49,500 --> 00:44:51,458
 period 500,000 years ago."

1183
00:44:51,791 --> 00:44:53,833
 But we have people on the planet who

1184
00:44:53,833 --> 00:44:54,541
 still live, according

1185
00:44:54,541 --> 00:44:55,666
 to traditional ways.

1186
00:44:56,458 --> 00:44:58,625
 And these folks also didn't have cancer

1187
00:44:58,625 --> 00:44:59,958
 or a lot of the chronic

1188
00:44:59,958 --> 00:45:02,291
 diseases that we have today.

1189
00:45:02,791 --> 00:45:03,708
 How do we know that?

1190
00:45:03,708 --> 00:45:05,208
 Because Albert Schweitzer and a number of

1191
00:45:05,208 --> 00:45:07,000
 other physicians and humanitarians were

1192
00:45:07,000 --> 00:45:08,875
 investigating these primitive tribes.

1193
00:45:08,875 --> 00:45:10,250
 And they said, "Wow, they're remarkably

1194
00:45:10,250 --> 00:45:12,333
 different from those that live in the

1195
00:45:12,333 --> 00:45:13,333
 United States and England."

1196
00:45:15,291 --> 00:45:16,875
 So they were not obese.

1197
00:45:17,458 --> 00:45:19,916
 They didn't have any chronic diseases.

1198
00:45:19,916 --> 00:45:23,000
 They had bacterial infections, parasites,

1199
00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:24,916
 and things like this.

1200
00:45:25,625 --> 00:45:27,750
 So what's the difference between the

1201
00:45:27,750 --> 00:45:29,666
 Western diet lifestyle and the

1202
00:45:29,666 --> 00:45:31,250
 Paleolithic diet and lifestyle?

1203
00:45:32,083 --> 00:45:34,208
 And predominantly, it's the availability

1204
00:45:34,208 --> 00:45:35,750
 of highly processed

1205
00:45:35,750 --> 00:45:39,000
 carbohydrates in our diets.

1206
00:45:39,583 --> 00:45:43,291
 A Paleolithic man never had highly

1207
00:45:43,291 --> 00:45:45,208
 processed carbohydrates in his diet.

1208
00:45:45,208 --> 00:45:50,583
 We did not evolve to evolve in an

1209
00:45:50,583 --> 00:45:52,500
 environment with highly processed carbs.

1210
00:45:53,000 --> 00:45:54,458
 But highly processed carbohydrates, are

1211
00:45:54,458 --> 00:45:55,625
 you talking, obviously,

1212
00:45:57,083 --> 00:45:59,208
 and my evolution biology is definitely

1213
00:45:59,208 --> 00:46:00,791
 not my strong point, but I assume you

1214
00:46:00,791 --> 00:46:04,333
 mean very high GI carbohydrates, things

1215
00:46:04,333 --> 00:46:06,125
 like your processed sugars, honeys, etc.,

1216
00:46:06,666 --> 00:46:08,458
 opposed to things like root vegetables,

1217
00:46:08,458 --> 00:46:09,375
 things that are potentially

1218
00:46:09,375 --> 00:46:11,083
 lower on the glycemic scale.

1219
00:46:11,583 --> 00:46:12,125
 That maybe wouldn't...

1220
00:46:12,750 --> 00:46:14,208
 Yes, predominantly.

1221
00:46:14,833 --> 00:46:15,291
 Things that can

1222
00:46:15,291 --> 00:46:17,750
 remain edible in a package.

1223
00:46:18,458 --> 00:46:21,500
 Like I have a Twinkie here.

1224
00:46:22,750 --> 00:46:25,708
 This Twinkie is 10 years

1225
00:46:25,708 --> 00:46:29,000
 old, and it looks edible.

1226
00:46:30,000 --> 00:46:33,833
 And a mouse, it's 10 years old, and a

1227
00:46:33,833 --> 00:46:36,583
 mouse ate it, broke in and ate one of

1228
00:46:36,583 --> 00:46:38,666
 these two years ago.

1229
00:46:39,000 --> 00:46:39,833
 And he didn't complain.

1230
00:46:40,500 --> 00:46:42,375
 And there are people that are hungry that

1231
00:46:42,375 --> 00:46:43,833
 would eat 10 year old Twinkie.

1232
00:46:43,833 --> 00:46:46,500
 This is a synthetic thing made from all

1233
00:46:46,500 --> 00:46:47,500
 chemicals and sugars.

1234
00:46:48,333 --> 00:46:50,500
 This kind of stuff will kill you.

1235
00:46:50,958 --> 00:46:52,416
 Yet we eat large amounts of it.

1236
00:46:52,416 --> 00:46:53,958
 Not only that, we deep fry it and put

1237
00:46:53,958 --> 00:46:54,791
 powdered sugar and

1238
00:46:54,791 --> 00:46:56,250
 chocolate syrup on it, damn thing.

1239
00:46:56,500 --> 00:46:57,791
 You should go to Scotland.

1240
00:46:58,458 --> 00:46:59,500
 That's the Shon's Act breakfast.

1241
00:47:00,083 --> 00:47:00,500
 Yeah, right.

1242
00:47:00,958 --> 00:47:03,541
 So then we wonder why we got cancer and

1243
00:47:03,541 --> 00:47:06,000
 high blood pressure and hypertension and

1244
00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:07,083
 neuropsychiatric problems.

1245
00:47:08,833 --> 00:47:10,958
 And the lack of exercise is unbelievable.

1246
00:47:12,291 --> 00:47:14,041
 Paleo, you know how hard it is to track

1247
00:47:14,041 --> 00:47:15,458
 down and kill a big animal?

1248
00:47:16,208 --> 00:47:17,291
 It's not easy.

1249
00:47:17,291 --> 00:47:19,000
 You have to have well runners.

1250
00:47:19,583 --> 00:47:22,125
 You have to have strong guys to track

1251
00:47:22,125 --> 00:47:23,500
 down and kill these buffalo.

1252
00:47:23,916 --> 00:47:26,500
 And you have to kill a mammoth, a woolly

1253
00:47:26,500 --> 00:47:28,791
 mammoth, and these kinds of big animals

1254
00:47:28,791 --> 00:47:30,958
 that lived in paleolithic times.

1255
00:47:31,541 --> 00:47:34,625
 And that was a lot of energy to kill, not

1256
00:47:34,625 --> 00:47:36,083
 only to kill the big thing,

1257
00:47:36,416 --> 00:47:37,958
 but to chop it up and eat it.

1258
00:47:38,208 --> 00:47:39,750
 You know, they'd go for the bone marrow

1259
00:47:39,750 --> 00:47:42,625
 as a fuel source that

1260
00:47:42,625 --> 00:47:44,041
 was very rich in nutrients.

1261
00:47:45,708 --> 00:47:47,250
 We're sitting in traffic today.

1262
00:47:47,750 --> 00:47:49,583
 We're sitting in front of computers.

1263
00:47:50,500 --> 00:47:53,041
 We don't nearly have the amount of energy

1264
00:47:53,041 --> 00:47:53,958
 that was expended

1265
00:47:53,958 --> 00:47:55,791
 during paleolithic times.

1266
00:47:56,500 --> 00:47:57,750
 We're eating highly

1267
00:47:57,750 --> 00:47:59,791
 processed carbs, bad food.

1268
00:48:00,333 --> 00:48:01,500
 We have bad sleep.

1269
00:48:02,333 --> 00:48:04,541
 We have emotional stress.

1270
00:48:05,291 --> 00:48:07,333
 We have all of these things that impact

1271
00:48:07,333 --> 00:48:09,916
 negatively the number structure and

1272
00:48:09,916 --> 00:48:12,291
 function of mitochondria in our cells.

1273
00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:15,750
 It is not surprising that we have all of

1274
00:48:15,750 --> 00:48:18,458
 the chronic diseases in cancer that we

1275
00:48:18,458 --> 00:48:20,625
 are currently suffering with

1276
00:48:20,625 --> 00:48:23,000
 in modern Western societies.

1277
00:48:23,375 --> 00:48:26,375
 It's absolutely understandable in terms

1278
00:48:26,375 --> 00:48:28,250
 of our evolutionary biology.

1279
00:48:29,125 --> 00:48:32,000
 We are still paleolithic man

1280
00:48:32,000 --> 00:48:35,666
 biologically, but living in a modern,

1281
00:48:35,750 --> 00:48:39,000
 industrialized society where all of the

1282
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:41,500
 desires that we would have had in

1283
00:48:41,500 --> 00:48:44,041
 paleolithic time are now at our

1284
00:48:44,041 --> 00:48:45,500
 fingertips in any supermarket.

1285
00:48:46,166 --> 00:48:47,416
 We don't have to go out

1286
00:48:47,416 --> 00:48:48,416
 and hunt down animals.

1287
00:48:49,250 --> 00:48:51,750
 Everything is prepared, packaged, and

1288
00:48:51,750 --> 00:48:54,458
 ready for us to eat right away.

1289
00:48:54,875 --> 00:48:56,791
 We don't have to expend a lot of energy

1290
00:48:56,791 --> 00:48:58,458
 to cook it up, kill it,

1291
00:48:58,458 --> 00:48:59,291
 and cook it every night.

1292
00:49:00,625 --> 00:49:04,250
 It's preserved, well preserved, so we can

1293
00:49:04,250 --> 00:49:06,500
 store it for a long

1294
00:49:06,500 --> 00:49:07,875
 period of time and eat it.

1295
00:49:08,500 --> 00:49:10,333
 Eventually, it beats the hell out of your

1296
00:49:10,333 --> 00:49:11,541
 mitochondria in your body.

1297
00:49:12,208 --> 00:49:15,416
 Some people, you get obesity, type 2

1298
00:49:15,416 --> 00:49:17,916
 diabetes, hypertension, high blood

1299
00:49:17,916 --> 00:49:19,166
 pressure, macular

1300
00:49:19,166 --> 00:49:21,708
 degeneration, dementia, cancer.

1301
00:49:22,166 --> 00:49:25,333
 Every one of those diseases, disorders,

1302
00:49:25,333 --> 00:49:26,791
 is the result of mitochondrial

1303
00:49:26,791 --> 00:49:30,333
 dysfunction in one way or another.

1304
00:49:30,958 --> 00:49:32,708
 Some cells up and die become

1305
00:49:32,708 --> 00:49:35,791
 dysfunctional, not becoming cancer.

1306
00:49:36,041 --> 00:49:37,875
 Some cells that have the capacity to

1307
00:49:37,875 --> 00:49:40,166
 switch from oxfoss to substrate-level

1308
00:49:40,166 --> 00:49:42,083
 phosphorylation become cancerous.

1309
00:49:42,541 --> 00:49:45,125
 We can link all of the major chronic

1310
00:49:45,125 --> 00:49:48,000
 diseases, including cancer, back to

1311
00:49:48,000 --> 00:49:50,208
 mitochondrial dysfunction, which then

1312
00:49:50,208 --> 00:49:51,875
 begs the question, well,

1313
00:49:51,875 --> 00:49:53,041
 how do you prevent cancer?

1314
00:49:53,875 --> 00:49:56,833
 And you keep your mitochondria healthy.

1315
00:49:56,833 --> 00:50:00,166
 It's extremely difficult to get cancer if

1316
00:50:00,166 --> 00:50:01,333
 you're mitochondria healthy.

1317
00:50:02,416 --> 00:50:03,250
 Well, how do I keep my

1318
00:50:03,250 --> 00:50:04,333
 mitochondrial healthy?

1319
00:50:05,291 --> 00:50:07,708
 Do a lot of exercise, stress management,

1320
00:50:08,333 --> 00:50:10,916
 avoid highly processed carbohydrate

1321
00:50:10,916 --> 00:50:13,750
 foods, try to get good sleep.

1322
00:50:14,416 --> 00:50:16,500
 Do all the things that keep mitochondria

1323
00:50:16,500 --> 00:50:18,958
 healthy, and you don't get dementia, you

1324
00:50:18,958 --> 00:50:20,125
 don't get cardiovascular

1325
00:50:20,125 --> 00:50:21,791
 disease, you don't become obese,

1326
00:50:23,000 --> 00:50:23,916
 you don't get cancer.

1327
00:50:24,458 --> 00:50:28,375
 You significantly reduce the risk for

1328
00:50:28,375 --> 00:50:30,833
 cancer and all these chronic diseases by

1329
00:50:30,833 --> 00:50:32,125
 keeping your mitochondria healthy.

1330
00:50:32,625 --> 00:50:33,916
 It's very interesting.

1331
00:50:35,375 --> 00:50:36,583
 In the United States,

1332
00:50:38,333 --> 00:50:41,083
 the NCI National Cancer Institute says,

1333
00:50:41,083 --> 00:50:46,000
 "We reduce cancer by 33% over the last

1334
00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:49,291
 several decades, mainly because we had

1335
00:50:49,291 --> 00:50:51,875
 the anti-smoking campaign of the 1990s.

1336
00:50:52,458 --> 00:50:54,916
 And if we all continue to smoke like

1337
00:50:54,916 --> 00:50:57,916
 crazy, like we were in the 1990s, we

1338
00:50:57,916 --> 00:51:00,291
 would have 33% more dead cancer patients

1339
00:51:00,291 --> 00:51:01,541
 today than we actually have."

1340
00:51:02,291 --> 00:51:04,916
 So clearly, the major drop in cancer

1341
00:51:04,916 --> 00:51:06,500
 deaths came from the

1342
00:51:06,500 --> 00:51:07,666
 elimination of a provocative

1343
00:51:08,666 --> 00:51:11,041
 behavioral situation, which was smoking.

1344
00:51:12,125 --> 00:51:12,833
 So why?

1345
00:51:12,833 --> 00:51:13,958
 Because our mitochondria are healthier

1346
00:51:13,958 --> 00:51:14,791
 when you don't smoke.

1347
00:51:15,666 --> 00:51:17,500
 And everything comes back to the health

1348
00:51:17,500 --> 00:51:19,208
 and vitality of the mitochondria.

1349
00:51:19,583 --> 00:51:23,041
 Do we want to go back and become, again,

1350
00:51:23,375 --> 00:51:25,375
 live in a cave like Paleolithic Man?

1351
00:51:25,791 --> 00:51:26,208
 No.

1352
00:51:26,208 --> 00:51:26,416
 No,

1353
00:51:27,458 --> 00:51:28,666
 but finding that happy middle ground.

1354
00:51:29,083 --> 00:51:29,416
 Yes.

1355
00:51:29,958 --> 00:51:31,291
 But now we have an awareness.

1356
00:51:32,041 --> 00:51:33,875
 And not only that, we develop the glucose

1357
00:51:33,875 --> 00:51:35,166
 ketone index calculator.

1358
00:51:35,166 --> 00:51:36,875
 My next question was

1359
00:51:36,875 --> 00:51:38,000
 going to be exactly that.

1360
00:51:38,458 --> 00:51:41,333
 Which is now going to be the tool to

1361
00:51:41,333 --> 00:51:46,208
 allow every person that can measure their

1362
00:51:46,208 --> 00:51:48,125
 blood, glucose, and ketones with a meter,

1363
00:51:48,125 --> 00:51:50,958
 either by pricking their finger to get a

1364
00:51:50,958 --> 00:51:53,208
 drop of blood or using a continuous

1365
00:51:53,208 --> 00:51:56,666
 glucose ketone monitor on your cell

1366
00:51:56,666 --> 00:51:59,083
 phone, you will be able to know when you

1367
00:51:59,083 --> 00:52:02,125
 apply the GKI index, you will know

1368
00:52:02,125 --> 00:52:04,083
 exactly what zone of

1369
00:52:04,083 --> 00:52:06,333
 health you are in or not in.

1370
00:52:07,125 --> 00:52:08,583
 So you can know that you will be in a

1371
00:52:08,583 --> 00:52:12,333
 high risk red zone if you have a GKI

1372
00:52:12,333 --> 00:52:15,041
 that's over 50, up to 100.

1373
00:52:16,000 --> 00:52:19,833
 You are going to be in a zone of

1374
00:52:19,833 --> 00:52:21,708
 mitochondrial ill health.

1375
00:52:22,583 --> 00:52:24,958
 Can we backtrack quickly, Dr.

1376
00:52:26,208 --> 00:52:26,541
 Seifried?

1377
00:52:26,541 --> 00:52:26,875
 Sorry about that.

1378
00:52:27,000 --> 00:52:28,916
 Just briefly discuss what the glucose

1379
00:52:28,916 --> 00:52:30,625
 ketone index is, just for those in the

1380
00:52:30,625 --> 00:52:31,166
 audience who maybe

1381
00:52:31,166 --> 00:52:32,500
 aren't familiar with it.

1382
00:52:34,083 --> 00:52:36,500
 Obviously, it's a biomarker that I know

1383
00:52:36,500 --> 00:52:37,958
 you have been intimately

1384
00:52:37,958 --> 00:52:39,333
 involved in developing.

1385
00:52:42,083 --> 00:52:45,500
 But what exactly is this

1386
00:52:45,500 --> 00:52:47,208
 index and then how does it work?

1387
00:52:47,708 --> 00:52:49,666
 Obviously, we are monitoring two

1388
00:52:49,666 --> 00:52:51,791
 different biomarkers here, ketones,

1389
00:52:52,250 --> 00:52:52,708
 things like butyl

1390
00:52:52,916 --> 00:52:54,416
 hydroxybutyrate, acetate, etc.

1391
00:52:54,833 --> 00:52:56,291
 And then obviously glucose.

1392
00:52:56,791 --> 00:52:59,708
 But how does looking at those two markers

1393
00:52:59,708 --> 00:53:01,333
 from a metabolic health standpoint help

1394
00:53:01,333 --> 00:53:03,833
 us to, well, a, determine metabolic

1395
00:53:03,833 --> 00:53:05,458
 health and maybe just a

1396
00:53:05,458 --> 00:53:06,500
 bit more nuance there.

1397
00:53:06,500 --> 00:53:07,333
 I know there's

1398
00:53:07,333 --> 00:53:09,125
 generally a range there as well.

1399
00:53:09,583 --> 00:53:12,041
 I think you want to aim for about a three

1400
00:53:12,041 --> 00:53:14,291
 when looking to try and deal

1401
00:53:14,291 --> 00:53:15,333
 with things therapeutically.

1402
00:53:15,333 --> 00:53:16,250
 I may be wrong there.

1403
00:53:17,458 --> 00:53:18,708
 But yeah, if you could just fill us in

1404
00:53:18,708 --> 00:53:19,875
 sort of very fiduciary on

1405
00:53:19,875 --> 00:53:23,291
 what that index is all about.

1406
00:53:23,666 --> 00:53:25,000
 So again, go back to

1407
00:53:25,000 --> 00:53:26,166
 evolutionary biology.

1408
00:53:27,208 --> 00:53:29,375
 Paleolithic man was always in a state of

1409
00:53:29,375 --> 00:53:32,208
 nutritional ketosis, mainly because they

1410
00:53:32,208 --> 00:53:34,750
 did not have access to highly processed

1411
00:53:34,750 --> 00:53:37,083
 carbohydrates in their diet.

1412
00:53:37,375 --> 00:53:40,000
 So they had a lot of exercise and they

1413
00:53:40,000 --> 00:53:42,333
 had a diet that was largely carnivorous

1414
00:53:43,791 --> 00:53:45,625
 with some vegetables, some

1415
00:53:45,625 --> 00:53:47,625
 tubers and this kind of thing.

1416
00:53:47,875 --> 00:53:49,333
 But they were complex carbs.

1417
00:53:49,333 --> 00:53:51,500
 They weren't these highly processed, like

1418
00:53:51,500 --> 00:53:53,750
 you mentioned already, highly glycemic

1419
00:53:53,750 --> 00:53:55,250
 index kinds of things.

1420
00:53:56,666 --> 00:53:57,791
 And food was limited.

1421
00:53:59,458 --> 00:54:03,000
 So when you put that body and you look at

1422
00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:05,875
 the, if they could look at their glucose

1423
00:54:05,875 --> 00:54:08,916
 and ketones at that stage, they would

1424
00:54:08,916 --> 00:54:12,791
 find themselves in a state of nutritional

1425
00:54:12,791 --> 00:54:15,833
 ketosis, which is an elevation of ketone

1426
00:54:15,833 --> 00:54:19,666
 bodies and a very low glucose level, or I

1427
00:54:19,666 --> 00:54:22,875
 should say very normal, like 65 to 85

1428
00:54:22,875 --> 00:54:24,500
 milligram per deciliter, maybe

1429
00:54:24,500 --> 00:54:28,875
 a 3.2 to 4 millimolar glucose.

1430
00:54:29,375 --> 00:54:32,666
 These are normal body levels of glucose

1431
00:54:32,666 --> 00:54:34,958
 produced by the combination of

1432
00:54:34,958 --> 00:54:38,958
 gluconeogenesis as well as carbohydrates

1433
00:54:38,958 --> 00:54:40,500
 that we would get from the diet.

1434
00:54:41,291 --> 00:54:43,166
 So we would always be in this beautiful

1435
00:54:43,166 --> 00:54:47,791
 insulin, super insulin sensitive zone, no

1436
00:54:47,791 --> 00:54:49,666
 insulin resistance at all, because

1437
00:54:49,666 --> 00:54:52,708
 diabetes would be unheard of, type two,

1438
00:54:52,708 --> 00:54:53,791
 of course, not type one.

1439
00:54:54,291 --> 00:54:55,750
 Type one would have been afflicting us

1440
00:54:55,750 --> 00:54:56,833
 from the beginning of

1441
00:54:56,833 --> 00:54:58,000
 time in one way or another.

1442
00:54:58,458 --> 00:55:00,708
 But our bodies would have been in

1443
00:55:00,708 --> 00:55:05,750
 metabolic homeostasis as long as we

1444
00:55:05,750 --> 00:55:06,833
 weren't starving, of course.

1445
00:55:07,250 --> 00:55:09,125
 But we could go long periods of time

1446
00:55:09,125 --> 00:55:10,583
 without eating and still maintain

1447
00:55:10,583 --> 00:55:13,458
 metabolic homeostasis because we would be

1448
00:55:13,458 --> 00:55:16,291
 burning ketone bodies that would be

1449
00:55:16,291 --> 00:55:17,833
 mobilized from stored fat.

1450
00:55:18,500 --> 00:55:20,750
 So we developed the glucose ketone index

1451
00:55:20,750 --> 00:55:26,083
 as a marker, biomarker, to allow us to

1452
00:55:26,083 --> 00:55:29,041
 know what level of metabolic

1453
00:55:29,041 --> 00:55:31,458
 homeostasis we would be in.

1454
00:55:32,333 --> 00:55:36,541
 So if you have a glucose ketone index of

1455
00:55:36,541 --> 00:55:40,041
 20 or 10, I mean, you're in some level of

1456
00:55:40,041 --> 00:55:41,291
 metabolic homeostasis.

1457
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:44,208
 If you want to go into a deeper level of

1458
00:55:44,208 --> 00:55:46,458
 what we call therapeutic ketosis, then

1459
00:55:46,458 --> 00:55:52,000
 you'd go down to a level of two, which is

1460
00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:54,291
 the ratio of blood sugar divided by the

1461
00:55:54,291 --> 00:55:56,500
 ratio of beta hydroxybutyrate, which is

1462
00:55:56,500 --> 00:55:57,541
 the main ketone body.

1463
00:55:58,458 --> 00:55:59,333
 And then you would say,

1464
00:55:59,750 --> 00:56:02,166
 oh, how do we know this?

1465
00:56:02,166 --> 00:56:04,791
 Because I have friends, Dom DiAgostino,

1466
00:56:04,791 --> 00:56:06,958
 Anthony Chapp in these guys, they're

1467
00:56:06,958 --> 00:56:07,708
 always in these states

1468
00:56:07,708 --> 00:56:08,958
 of nutritional ketosis.

1469
00:56:09,166 --> 00:56:09,708
 What do they do?

1470
00:56:09,708 --> 00:56:10,875
 They do a lot of exercise

1471
00:56:10,875 --> 00:56:11,916
 and they eat a lot of meat.

1472
00:56:12,583 --> 00:56:14,625
 And they stay in these

1473
00:56:14,666 --> 00:56:16,458
 paleolithic kinds of zones.

1474
00:56:17,166 --> 00:56:18,500
 And these are the zones that keep your

1475
00:56:18,500 --> 00:56:19,750
 mitochondria super healthy.

1476
00:56:20,416 --> 00:56:23,083
 So what we do is we take people from the

1477
00:56:23,083 --> 00:56:25,791
 population and look at guys that have

1478
00:56:25,791 --> 00:56:27,000
 type 2 diabetes,

1479
00:56:27,291 --> 00:56:28,583
 obesity, and all these things.

1480
00:56:28,583 --> 00:56:32,000
 And you find these GKI values over 50,

1481
00:56:32,000 --> 00:56:33,958
 100, sometimes above 100.

1482
00:56:33,958 --> 00:56:34,666
 Are you kidding me?

1483
00:56:35,208 --> 00:56:36,958
 I mean, it should be down in

1484
00:56:36,958 --> 00:56:40,125
 the 5 to 10 zone or 20 zone.

1485
00:56:40,125 --> 00:56:40,916
 And you've got 200?

1486
00:56:41,291 --> 00:56:42,291
 Oh, I'm obese.

1487
00:56:42,500 --> 00:56:44,791
 I got systemic inflammation.

1488
00:56:45,166 --> 00:56:47,625
 I got to, of course, you're not in

1489
00:56:47,625 --> 00:56:48,833
 metabolic homeostasis.

1490
00:56:49,416 --> 00:56:52,416
 So the glucose ketone index tells us I

1491
00:56:52,416 --> 00:56:55,250
 built it for the cancer patients, because

1492
00:56:55,250 --> 00:56:58,583
 we knew that if we lowered blood sugar

1493
00:56:58,583 --> 00:57:00,708
 down far enough, the tumor cells need the

1494
00:57:00,708 --> 00:57:02,583
 sugar to grow, and they

1495
00:57:02,583 --> 00:57:04,000
 can't switch to ketones.

1496
00:57:04,708 --> 00:57:05,791
 So you put them in a

1497
00:57:05,791 --> 00:57:07,416
 very compromised condition.

1498
00:57:08,458 --> 00:57:10,541
 Now, what we do is we see cancer

1499
00:57:10,541 --> 00:57:12,583
 shrinking down tremendously when you get

1500
00:57:12,583 --> 00:57:14,666
 the GKI 2.0 or below,

1501
00:57:15,708 --> 00:57:17,375
 but you still have the glutamine issue.

1502
00:57:18,166 --> 00:57:20,708
 So then we develop the pulse therapy to

1503
00:57:20,708 --> 00:57:22,583
 come in and target with low dose of

1504
00:57:22,583 --> 00:57:24,375
 glutamine inhibitors while the person is

1505
00:57:24,375 --> 00:57:26,833
 in a state of nutritional ketosis.

1506
00:57:27,041 --> 00:57:28,916
 And glutamine being the fermentable amino

1507
00:57:28,916 --> 00:57:31,125
 acid that is then utilized as an

1508
00:57:31,125 --> 00:57:32,916
 alternative fuel source by various

1509
00:57:32,916 --> 00:57:34,083
 cancers in the absence

1510
00:57:34,083 --> 00:57:35,041
 of glucose is accurate.

1511
00:57:35,333 --> 00:57:35,500
 Yeah.

1512
00:57:35,666 --> 00:57:37,625
 And people always ask me, what can you do

1513
00:57:37,625 --> 00:57:38,583
 to lower, what diet can

1514
00:57:38,583 --> 00:57:39,833
 I use to lower glutamine?

1515
00:57:39,875 --> 00:57:40,875
 And if I eat meat,

1516
00:57:40,875 --> 00:57:41,750
 won't that raise glutamine?

1517
00:57:42,250 --> 00:57:44,083
 The glutamine in our body is already

1518
00:57:44,083 --> 00:57:47,291
 super saturated because we use it for so

1519
00:57:47,291 --> 00:57:48,500
 many things, the gut

1520
00:57:48,500 --> 00:57:49,541
 and our immune system.

1521
00:57:49,916 --> 00:57:52,000
 We already have more than enough

1522
00:57:52,000 --> 00:57:54,291
 glutamine circulating in the body to

1523
00:57:54,291 --> 00:57:55,916
 provide a tumor cell with more than

1524
00:57:55,916 --> 00:57:57,708
 enough fuel in that regard.

1525
00:57:58,291 --> 00:58:00,500
 So there's no diet that will lower

1526
00:58:00,500 --> 00:58:03,208
 glucose, correction glutamine.

1527
00:58:03,625 --> 00:58:11,166
 And the glutamine will always be there.

1528
00:58:11,166 --> 00:58:14,875
 So you can't, even if you do exercise,

1529
00:58:14,875 --> 00:58:17,000
 yes, you can lower glutamine, but it's

1530
00:58:17,000 --> 00:58:18,750
 not to the level where you're going to

1531
00:58:18,750 --> 00:58:20,125
 kill the tumor cell.

1532
00:58:20,750 --> 00:58:22,208
 So that's why we need drugs.

1533
00:58:22,791 --> 00:58:25,083
 But the drugs have to be strategic.

1534
00:58:25,541 --> 00:58:27,291
 While you're in nutritional ketosis,

1535
00:58:27,500 --> 00:58:28,500
 blood sugar is down,

1536
00:58:28,500 --> 00:58:29,416
 ketones are elevated.

1537
00:58:29,916 --> 00:58:31,666
 So you got a choke hold

1538
00:58:31,666 --> 00:58:32,916
 on the glucose pathway.

1539
00:58:33,625 --> 00:58:34,416
 But you got the

1540
00:58:34,416 --> 00:58:36,375
 glutamine pathway still opened.

1541
00:58:37,458 --> 00:58:40,500
 And then we come in with specific drugs

1542
00:58:40,500 --> 00:58:43,166
 that will block glutamine's availability.

1543
00:58:44,000 --> 00:58:45,875
 But we have to do this very strategically

1544
00:58:45,875 --> 00:58:47,625
 because the same fuel is

1545
00:58:47,625 --> 00:58:48,833
 needed by our immune cells.

1546
00:58:49,000 --> 00:58:51,125
 Our immune cells and our gut use the same

1547
00:58:51,125 --> 00:58:52,583
 fuel the tumor cells are using.

1548
00:58:53,416 --> 00:58:54,333
 So that's why we

1549
00:58:54,333 --> 00:58:55,791
 developed the press pulse.

1550
00:58:55,791 --> 00:58:56,708
 So we pulse glutamine.

1551
00:58:56,708 --> 00:58:58,291
 We do pulsing of glutamine targeting,

1552
00:58:58,916 --> 00:59:00,583
 killing tumor cells over a short period

1553
00:59:00,583 --> 00:59:03,833
 of time, removing the pulse, and allowing

1554
00:59:03,833 --> 00:59:06,500
 the immune system to come in and kill, to

1555
00:59:06,500 --> 00:59:07,541
 pick up the dead corpses.

1556
00:59:08,750 --> 00:59:10,125
 So you have to have the undertakers

1557
00:59:10,125 --> 00:59:11,666
 coming in and get rid of the dead bodies

1558
00:59:11,666 --> 00:59:12,666
 in the microenvironment.

1559
00:59:12,666 --> 00:59:13,750
 And that's your immune system.

1560
00:59:13,750 --> 00:59:15,208
 And they need glutamine as well.

1561
00:59:15,875 --> 00:59:17,416
 So this is why you need to understand

1562
00:59:17,416 --> 00:59:19,875
 evolutionary biology and biochemistry to

1563
00:59:19,875 --> 00:59:21,666
 effectively manage cancer.

1564
00:59:22,208 --> 00:59:23,791
 If you don't understand biology and

1565
00:59:23,791 --> 00:59:25,625
 biochemistry and evolutionary biology,

1566
00:59:25,958 --> 00:59:27,458
 you are still in the stone age when it

1567
00:59:27,458 --> 00:59:28,416
 comes to this kind of stuff.

1568
00:59:28,416 --> 00:59:30,333
 You're just peddling drugs and hoping for

1569
00:59:30,333 --> 00:59:31,083
 the best case scenario.

1570
00:59:31,666 --> 00:59:31,958
 Yes.

1571
00:59:32,291 --> 00:59:33,750
 You don't know why things

1572
00:59:33,750 --> 00:59:34,916
 are working or how they work.

1573
00:59:35,333 --> 00:59:36,541
 We know exactly how things

1574
00:59:36,541 --> 00:59:37,750
 are working and why they work.

1575
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:41,875
 And we try to perfect the system to keep

1576
00:59:41,875 --> 00:59:44,000
 these tumor cells under

1577
00:59:44,250 --> 00:59:46,458
 restricted fuel conditions.

1578
00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:50,291
 And the body itself, when increased in

1579
00:59:50,291 --> 00:59:54,166
 its health, will turn on the tumor cell,

1580
00:59:54,166 --> 00:59:55,250
 on the tumor cells,

1581
00:59:55,250 --> 00:59:56,333
 and use them for fuel.

1582
00:59:56,625 --> 00:59:58,291
 It's called autolytic cannibalism.

1583
00:59:58,875 --> 01:00:01,458
 So the body itself, when put under energy

1584
01:00:01,458 --> 01:00:04,000
 restriction, every cell in the body must

1585
01:00:04,000 --> 01:00:06,083
 earn its existence in that body.

1586
01:00:06,541 --> 01:00:08,500
 There can be no weak, lame, inefficient

1587
01:00:08,500 --> 01:00:10,500
 cells because the body will turn on them

1588
01:00:10,500 --> 01:00:11,458
 and use them for fuel.

1589
01:00:11,958 --> 01:00:15,666
 The tumor itself becomes a fuel source

1590
01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:18,083
 for the rest of the body when you're put

1591
01:00:18,083 --> 01:00:20,250
 into these states of nutritional ketosis.

1592
01:00:20,916 --> 01:00:23,541
 So part of the solution to the problem is

1593
01:00:23,541 --> 01:00:25,833
 when the normal cells recognize a

1594
01:00:25,833 --> 01:00:27,625
 population of cells that are inefficient

1595
01:00:27,625 --> 01:00:29,458
 in utilization of energy.

1596
01:00:30,666 --> 01:00:32,375
 And they turn on them and dissolve them

1597
01:00:32,375 --> 01:00:33,250
 and use them for fuel.

1598
01:00:33,708 --> 01:00:34,791
 And people say, "I don't know what

1599
01:00:34,791 --> 01:00:35,708
 happened to my tumor.

1600
01:00:35,708 --> 01:00:37,541
 It just kind of disappeared when I was in

1601
01:00:37,541 --> 01:00:38,541
 nutritional ketosis."

1602
01:00:39,041 --> 01:00:40,083
 Well, you're damn body-ated.

1603
01:00:40,583 --> 01:00:42,791
 Because it was inefficient.

1604
01:00:42,791 --> 01:00:44,916
 They were using energy inefficiently.

1605
01:00:45,125 --> 01:00:46,875
 And the body recognizes that.

1606
01:00:47,333 --> 01:00:48,125
 And this is the term

1607
01:00:48,125 --> 01:00:49,458
 autolytic cannibalism.

1608
01:00:49,458 --> 01:00:50,083
 I published that.

1609
01:00:51,458 --> 01:00:54,500
 But we also can strategically target

1610
01:00:54,500 --> 01:00:56,041
 glutamine to work together.

1611
01:00:56,041 --> 01:00:58,458
 It's a whole systems approach to

1612
01:00:58,458 --> 01:01:01,000
 eliminating a bunch of cells that are

1613
01:01:01,000 --> 01:01:03,500
 growing out of control, using energy very

1614
01:01:03,500 --> 01:01:06,125
 inefficiently, being dependent

1615
01:01:06,125 --> 01:01:08,333
 predominantly on glucose and glutamine,

1616
01:01:08,666 --> 01:01:09,666
 and not being able to

1617
01:01:09,666 --> 01:01:11,041
 burn fatty acids or ketones.

1618
01:01:11,958 --> 01:01:13,250
 It's an elegant system.

1619
01:01:13,750 --> 01:01:14,750
 It's so beautiful.

1620
01:01:15,458 --> 01:01:18,333
 It works for the majority of people.

1621
01:01:19,083 --> 01:01:20,875
 And nobody's doing this.

1622
01:01:21,333 --> 01:01:22,208
 There's no clinical

1623
01:01:22,208 --> 01:01:23,708
 trial anywhere on the planet.

1624
01:01:23,708 --> 01:01:25,208
 Don't make much money out of it, can you?

1625
01:01:25,666 --> 01:01:26,750
 Well, the money issue

1626
01:01:26,750 --> 01:01:28,125
 now becomes another issue.

1627
01:01:28,416 --> 01:01:30,791
 It's revenue first,

1628
01:01:31,500 --> 01:01:32,500
 patient outcome second.

1629
01:01:33,708 --> 01:01:35,416
 And I think people need to know that.

1630
01:01:35,416 --> 01:01:37,500
 They should know that their disease is

1631
01:01:37,500 --> 01:01:39,541
 supporting a giant industry.

1632
01:01:40,333 --> 01:01:41,416
 Many people are grateful

1633
01:01:41,416 --> 01:01:43,333
 for those who have cancer.

1634
01:01:43,708 --> 01:01:46,041
 Because the cancer patient supports a

1635
01:01:46,041 --> 01:01:49,416
 very lucrative process that would be

1636
01:01:49,875 --> 01:01:52,500
 potentially disturbed if we were to find

1637
01:01:52,500 --> 01:01:54,208
 a method or a way to prevent

1638
01:01:54,208 --> 01:01:55,916
 or manage cancer effectively.

1639
01:01:56,708 --> 01:02:01,708
 But man has made adjustments and

1640
01:02:01,708 --> 01:02:05,583
 adaptations to disruptive technologies.

1641
01:02:06,583 --> 01:02:09,375
 And they will do the same with this

1642
01:02:09,375 --> 01:02:11,666
 cancer and chronic disease situation.

1643
01:02:12,208 --> 01:02:13,625
 It's just a matter of time.

1644
01:02:14,041 --> 01:02:17,875
 Because we cannot continue on this path

1645
01:02:17,875 --> 01:02:21,500
 of this abysmal path that we've been on

1646
01:02:21,500 --> 01:02:25,000
 for the last 75, 100 years.

1647
01:02:25,666 --> 01:02:28,541
 So we will begin to change.

1648
01:02:28,541 --> 01:02:30,791
 But there will be new industries and new

1649
01:02:30,791 --> 01:02:32,500
 strategies for exploring

1650
01:02:32,500 --> 01:02:33,833
 and keeping people healthy.

1651
01:02:34,416 --> 01:02:35,833
 And others, so we're trying to get a

1652
01:02:35,833 --> 01:02:38,166
 revenue transition of revenue generation

1653
01:02:38,166 --> 01:02:41,708
 from one failed system to a system that

1654
01:02:41,708 --> 01:02:45,291
 really works but has not yet been mature

1655
01:02:46,083 --> 01:02:47,291
 to replace the revenue

1656
01:02:47,291 --> 01:02:48,458
 lost from one system.

1657
01:02:48,916 --> 01:02:50,125
 But I think that's all

1658
01:02:50,125 --> 01:02:51,375
 part of the future as well.

1659
01:02:52,500 --> 01:02:54,416
 But right now, my job is just to keep

1660
01:02:54,416 --> 01:02:57,000
 people alive with a higher quality of

1661
01:02:57,000 --> 01:02:59,208
 life, using the knowledge of the biology

1662
01:02:59,208 --> 01:03:00,416
 and biochemistry of the

1663
01:03:00,416 --> 01:03:02,833
 disease that we understand.

1664
01:03:03,625 --> 01:03:03,833
 Yeah.

1665
01:03:03,958 --> 01:03:04,833
 Now that's fascinating.

1666
01:03:05,208 --> 01:03:07,375
 And I definitely would love to come back

1667
01:03:07,375 --> 01:03:07,958
 to that in a minute.

1668
01:03:09,125 --> 01:03:13,166
 I'd just like to quickly chat about the

1669
01:03:13,166 --> 01:03:14,458
 ketogenic diet a bit more.

1670
01:03:14,458 --> 01:03:16,500
 And I'm going to ask my question first

1671
01:03:16,500 --> 01:03:17,958
 and then Ramblom from a group of mine.

1672
01:03:18,333 --> 01:03:20,875
 I have a few concerns about sort of long

1673
01:03:20,875 --> 01:03:23,291
 term utilization of the ketogenic diet,

1674
01:03:23,291 --> 01:03:26,708
 not for everybody, but just I have found

1675
01:03:26,708 --> 01:03:29,083
 that there are various people who do

1676
01:03:29,083 --> 01:03:31,500
 follow a ketogenic diet, obviously are

1677
01:03:31,500 --> 01:03:33,291
 going to run into certain problems, some

1678
01:03:33,291 --> 01:03:36,166
 of them endocrine in nature, etc.

1679
01:03:36,916 --> 01:03:39,166
 Now, I think of course, most people who

1680
01:03:39,166 --> 01:03:42,666
 are going to explore this meta,

1681
01:03:43,916 --> 01:03:46,541
 who are going to explore cancer treatment

1682
01:03:46,541 --> 01:03:48,958
 from a metabolic standpoint, are going to

1683
01:03:48,958 --> 01:03:54,000
 utilize a ketogenic diet as their first

1684
01:03:54,000 --> 01:03:55,291
 step and why should they not?

1685
01:03:55,875 --> 01:03:57,375
 Now, as I mentioned, I've

1686
01:03:57,375 --> 01:03:58,458
 got a few sort of concerns.

1687
01:03:59,375 --> 01:04:01,458
 For example, I believe there's rodent

1688
01:04:01,458 --> 01:04:04,333
 data out there to show that ketogenic

1689
01:04:04,333 --> 01:04:07,291
 diets long term may impair, I think it's

1690
01:04:07,291 --> 01:04:10,208
 hepatic FGF21 signaling due to receptor

1691
01:04:10,208 --> 01:04:12,458
 downregulation and that there are other

1692
01:04:12,458 --> 01:04:14,583
 drivers issues there as well.

1693
01:04:15,333 --> 01:04:16,875
 For example, peripheral insulin

1694
01:04:16,875 --> 01:04:18,625
 resistance, which I'm sure you're

1695
01:04:18,625 --> 01:04:20,875
 familiar with for the audience listening,

1696
01:04:21,416 --> 01:04:23,750
 that being the idea that in some people

1697
01:04:23,750 --> 01:04:25,250
 long term ketogenic diet,

1698
01:04:26,708 --> 01:04:30,916
 adherence can essentially cause an

1699
01:04:30,916 --> 01:04:32,833
 insulin resistant like state at the level

1700
01:04:32,833 --> 01:04:35,125
 of the muscle because the body is sort of

1701
01:04:35,125 --> 01:04:38,791
 not able or not readily utilizing the

1702
01:04:38,791 --> 01:04:40,541
 glucose at its disposal effectively.

1703
01:04:41,416 --> 01:04:44,708
 Now, I'm just some second here, but I

1704
01:04:44,708 --> 01:04:46,416
 would be at least mechanistically

1705
01:04:46,416 --> 01:04:49,291
 concerned that those high levels of

1706
01:04:49,291 --> 01:04:51,958
 glucose might then also be a contributing

1707
01:04:51,958 --> 01:04:55,541
 factor if you're sort of becoming more

1708
01:04:55,541 --> 01:04:56,500
 and more insulin resistant.

1709
01:04:57,833 --> 01:05:01,916
 So, the way I see it, just from the GKI

1710
01:05:01,916 --> 01:05:04,125
 score side of things, and again, this is

1711
01:05:04,125 --> 01:05:06,875
 just me piecing a few things together, so

1712
01:05:06,875 --> 01:05:09,875
 tell me where I'm wrong, but are there

1713
01:05:09,875 --> 01:05:12,625
 other ways that you can sort of look at

1714
01:05:12,625 --> 01:05:15,000
 increasing your GKI score

1715
01:05:15,000 --> 01:05:17,166
 maybe without necessarily

1716
01:05:18,500 --> 01:05:20,416
 utilizing long term ketosis?

1717
01:05:20,416 --> 01:05:20,958
 And I suppose that's

1718
01:05:20,958 --> 01:05:22,416
 a question in itself.

1719
01:05:22,416 --> 01:05:24,250
 Should we always be in a state of ketosis

1720
01:05:24,250 --> 01:05:28,208
 or should we sort of keep it for a period

1721
01:05:28,208 --> 01:05:31,666
 of time, such as when, hopefully not, you

1722
01:05:31,666 --> 01:05:32,791
 have a disease like

1723
01:05:32,791 --> 01:05:34,375
 this where it's needed?

1724
01:05:34,708 --> 01:05:36,958
 But beyond that, what about strategies

1725
01:05:36,958 --> 01:05:39,791
 where you are either intermittently

1726
01:05:39,791 --> 01:05:43,375
 fasting and obviously including a certain

1727
01:05:43,375 --> 01:05:44,291
 amount of carbohydrates

1728
01:05:44,916 --> 01:05:46,041
 in that eating window?

1729
01:05:46,916 --> 01:05:50,291
 Would that fasting period, obviously

1730
01:05:50,291 --> 01:05:52,916
 again, the lower glycemic things, not

1731
01:05:52,916 --> 01:05:55,416
 talking about swallowing large quantities

1732
01:05:55,416 --> 01:05:56,666
 of honey and processed sugar,

1733
01:05:57,833 --> 01:06:01,083
 and then, yeah, other fuel sources maybe

1734
01:06:01,083 --> 01:06:04,333
 that can sort of increase ketone

1735
01:06:04,333 --> 01:06:05,291
 production, your ketone

1736
01:06:05,291 --> 01:06:06,750
 esters, your NCT oils,

1737
01:06:07,958 --> 01:06:09,791
 yeah, again, I hope that makes sense.

1738
01:06:09,791 --> 01:06:11,625
 I am rambling a bit and as you've no

1739
01:06:11,625 --> 01:06:13,500
 doubt already figured out, I'm definitely

1740
01:06:13,500 --> 01:06:14,833
 outside more with your house here.

1741
01:06:15,708 --> 01:06:18,000
 But are there, do you have any concerns

1742
01:06:18,000 --> 01:06:20,458
 again for the average person following a

1743
01:06:20,458 --> 01:06:22,541
 ketogenic for a longer period of time,

1744
01:06:23,041 --> 01:06:24,416
 perhaps in light of those

1745
01:06:24,416 --> 01:06:27,083
 mechanisms that I mentioned?

1746
01:06:27,416 --> 01:06:30,250
 And then beyond that, are those other

1747
01:06:30,291 --> 01:06:34,625
 strategies aimed at sort of improving a

1748
01:06:34,625 --> 01:06:39,500
 GKI index maybe without being in a

1749
01:06:39,500 --> 01:06:41,291
 constant state of ketosis, are they worth

1750
01:06:41,291 --> 01:06:44,041
 exploring or is it just not enough to

1751
01:06:44,041 --> 01:06:45,875
 actually deal with the matter at hand?

1752
01:06:47,000 --> 01:06:48,833
 Yeah, well, you got a lot of stuff that

1753
01:06:48,833 --> 01:06:51,750
 you just threw at me right there.

1754
01:06:52,125 --> 01:06:53,416
 Yeah, sorry about that.

1755
01:06:53,708 --> 01:06:56,291
 But we can break it down.

1756
01:06:57,000 --> 01:06:58,625
 But you're 100% correct.

1757
01:06:59,500 --> 01:07:03,750
 There's a lot of people who use ketogenic

1758
01:07:03,750 --> 01:07:08,125
 diets inappropriately that are not

1759
01:07:08,125 --> 01:07:10,416
 balanced with micro and macro nutrients,

1760
01:07:10,416 --> 01:07:13,000
 which then can lead to some of the

1761
01:07:13,000 --> 01:07:17,958
 conditions that you mentioned in your

1762
01:07:19,041 --> 01:07:19,500
 rambling.

1763
01:07:20,166 --> 01:07:21,125
 Yeah, in your ramblings.

1764
01:07:21,666 --> 01:07:23,250
 But I have seen the same thing.

1765
01:07:23,250 --> 01:07:24,166
 I mean, when we fed

1766
01:07:24,166 --> 01:07:25,916
 ketogenic diets to the mice,

1767
01:07:27,125 --> 01:07:31,041
 or humans, in an unrestricted way, diets

1768
01:07:31,041 --> 01:07:33,833
 that were not completely balanced in

1769
01:07:34,083 --> 01:07:35,666
 micro and macro nutrients,

1770
01:07:36,791 --> 01:07:41,708
 we got all of many of the health issues

1771
01:07:41,708 --> 01:07:44,125
 that you mentioned were seen.

1772
01:07:45,041 --> 01:07:47,666
 The tumors actually grew faster.

1773
01:07:49,416 --> 01:07:50,000
 There was a complete

1774
01:07:50,500 --> 01:07:56,416
 metabolic in homeostasis.

1775
01:07:57,000 --> 01:07:59,291
 You found conditions that would be

1776
01:07:59,291 --> 01:08:01,375
 reflective of some of

1777
01:08:01,375 --> 01:08:02,333
 what you have mentioned.

1778
01:08:03,458 --> 01:08:05,875
 That's why we try to get

1779
01:08:05,875 --> 01:08:07,125
 away from the term diet.

1780
01:08:07,375 --> 01:08:11,500
 And we talk about nutritional ketosis as

1781
01:08:11,500 --> 01:08:19,500
 a state of metabolic homeostasis, where

1782
01:08:19,500 --> 01:08:22,500
 your levels of ketones are not

1783
01:08:22,500 --> 01:08:25,291
 exorbitantly high, and your levels of

1784
01:08:25,291 --> 01:08:27,500
 glucose are not exorbitantly low.

1785
01:08:27,916 --> 01:08:31,000
 But you are balanced in micro and macro

1786
01:08:31,166 --> 01:08:37,416
 nutrients with a GKI of five or 10.

1787
01:08:39,458 --> 01:08:43,458
 And exactly as you said, in our new paper

1788
01:08:43,458 --> 01:08:45,541
 that we're working on right now, which

1789
01:08:45,541 --> 01:08:47,375
 will revolutionize the treatment of

1790
01:08:47,375 --> 01:08:49,083
 cancer and all these chronic diseases,

1791
01:08:50,333 --> 01:08:53,500
 we have built a color-coded chart to

1792
01:08:53,500 --> 01:08:56,541
 allow people to know what zones they're

1793
01:08:56,541 --> 01:08:59,291
 in at any given time, and whether or not

1794
01:08:59,291 --> 01:09:01,500
 they can move effectively

1795
01:09:01,500 --> 01:09:03,416
 from one zone to the next.

1796
01:09:04,250 --> 01:09:06,125
 Like, yes, intermittent fasting.

1797
01:09:06,791 --> 01:09:10,291
 Or the enjoyment, if you have been in a

1798
01:09:10,291 --> 01:09:12,958
 state of nutritional ketosis and you go

1799
01:09:12,958 --> 01:09:17,375
 out and party, and your body then shows a

1800
01:09:17,375 --> 01:09:20,208
 much higher GKI,

1801
01:09:20,666 --> 01:09:21,958
 which would be unhealthy,

1802
01:09:23,166 --> 01:09:25,000
 you would then know what you would need

1803
01:09:25,000 --> 01:09:26,750
 to do to bring it back into a normal

1804
01:09:26,750 --> 01:09:30,750
 range with the types of foods and

1805
01:09:30,750 --> 01:09:33,458
 exercise is extremely important.

1806
01:09:33,458 --> 01:09:35,791
 You can move these zones up and down.

1807
01:09:36,125 --> 01:09:37,958
 So you don't have to feel compelled to be

1808
01:09:37,958 --> 01:09:41,083
 locked into a particular state.

1809
01:09:41,666 --> 01:09:44,166
 But having the knowledge of what are the

1810
01:09:44,250 --> 01:09:46,083
 healthy states and what aren't the

1811
01:09:46,083 --> 01:09:48,416
 healthy states, knowing, like for

1812
01:09:48,416 --> 01:09:50,583
 example, the Greek patients that did

1813
01:09:50,583 --> 01:09:53,041
 really well on the keto diet, it was a

1814
01:09:53,041 --> 01:09:55,708
 calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet.

1815
01:09:57,500 --> 01:10:00,500
 Sardines, salmon, avocados, olive oil,

1816
01:10:00,500 --> 01:10:02,583
 and this kind of thing that most people

1817
01:10:02,583 --> 01:10:05,208
 can do without too much difficulty.

1818
01:10:05,541 --> 01:10:06,833
 They had good GKI.

1819
01:10:06,833 --> 01:10:08,291
 They were very balanced in

1820
01:10:08,291 --> 01:10:09,541
 micro and macro nutrients.

1821
01:10:10,083 --> 01:10:10,833
 But you could switch

1822
01:10:10,833 --> 01:10:12,041
 from that to a carnivore.

1823
01:10:12,625 --> 01:10:16,250
 There's a lot of flexibility in what a

1824
01:10:16,250 --> 01:10:19,291
 person can do to move in and out of these

1825
01:10:19,291 --> 01:10:21,583
 health zones without

1826
01:10:21,583 --> 01:10:24,000
 causing metabolic in-homeostasis.

1827
01:10:25,125 --> 01:10:26,750
 So we're working on that.

1828
01:10:26,750 --> 01:10:28,333
 We've published a big paper for the brain

1829
01:10:28,333 --> 01:10:31,208
 cancer patients to tell them exactly and

1830
01:10:31,208 --> 01:10:33,375
 address the questions that you raised.

1831
01:10:34,208 --> 01:10:35,833
 What are the choices?

1832
01:10:36,583 --> 01:10:38,791
 What are the variations that you can use

1833
01:10:38,791 --> 01:10:41,458
 to maintain constant pressure on tumor

1834
01:10:41,458 --> 01:10:44,916
 cells while constantly keeping the

1835
01:10:44,916 --> 01:10:48,375
 homeostasis of your normal cells at the

1836
01:10:48,375 --> 01:10:51,333
 highest level and metabolic homeostasis?

1837
01:10:52,583 --> 01:10:54,375
 So we're working on that.

1838
01:10:54,791 --> 01:10:57,166
 And to address your questions, most of

1839
01:10:57,166 --> 01:10:59,583
 the health problems associated with

1840
01:10:59,583 --> 01:11:03,416
 long-term ketogenic diets result from

1841
01:11:03,416 --> 01:11:08,291
 micro and macro nutrient imbalances that

1842
01:11:08,291 --> 01:11:10,541
 lead to pathologies, some of which you

1843
01:11:10,541 --> 01:11:12,583
 have already elucidated.

1844
01:11:13,333 --> 01:11:17,291
 So once the base of knowledge becomes

1845
01:11:17,291 --> 01:11:20,041
 available for people,

1846
01:11:20,791 --> 01:11:23,708
 they can then build diets.

1847
01:11:24,000 --> 01:11:26,041
 And we call it nutritional ketosis,

1848
01:11:26,041 --> 01:11:28,333
 because you can achieve that with a

1849
01:11:28,333 --> 01:11:29,291
 carnivore diet, a

1850
01:11:29,291 --> 01:11:31,500
 Mediterranean diet, a pescatarian diet.

1851
01:11:32,375 --> 01:11:34,000
 Vegan diets are a little harder.

1852
01:11:34,916 --> 01:11:40,416
 A veganism, you have to supplement with

1853
01:11:40,416 --> 01:11:43,666
 micronutrients and some macronutrients in

1854
01:11:43,666 --> 01:11:45,291
 order to maintain metabolic home.

1855
01:11:45,291 --> 01:11:46,791
 It's not a natural situation.

1856
01:11:47,375 --> 01:11:49,125
 Humans did not evolve as vegans.

1857
01:11:49,625 --> 01:11:51,333
 If we were vegans, we would have been

1858
01:11:51,333 --> 01:11:52,791
 extinct a long time ago.

1859
01:11:53,708 --> 01:11:55,666
 But we are omnivores.

1860
01:11:56,500 --> 01:12:00,500
 Our bodies were evolved to eat anything,

1861
01:12:00,750 --> 01:12:01,833
 walks, crawls, flies,

1862
01:12:01,833 --> 01:12:02,333
 or swims on this planet.

1863
01:12:02,333 --> 01:12:06,750
 And you can build nutritional ketosis

1864
01:12:06,750 --> 01:12:09,375
 from combinations of the natural foods

1865
01:12:09,375 --> 01:12:10,416
 that we evolved to eat.

1866
01:12:10,583 --> 01:12:13,000
 You just have to adjust the amounts that

1867
01:12:13,000 --> 01:12:14,416
 you're eating and the

1868
01:12:14,416 --> 01:12:15,333
 types that you're eating.

1869
01:12:15,708 --> 01:12:18,208
 So in our new study that will come out

1870
01:12:18,208 --> 01:12:20,333
 for managing cancer and chronic diseases,

1871
01:12:20,833 --> 01:12:24,208
 deals exactly with what you have

1872
01:12:24,208 --> 01:12:26,375
 mentioned, to allow people to always

1873
01:12:26,375 --> 01:12:29,166
 remain in a state of maximal metabolic

1874
01:12:29,166 --> 01:12:32,291
 homeostasis, but allowing the individual

1875
01:12:32,291 --> 01:12:35,125
 to know what zone of health they're in to

1876
01:12:35,125 --> 01:12:37,833
 allow mitochondria to be as healthy as

1877
01:12:37,833 --> 01:12:41,375
 possible, and not too restrictive in

1878
01:12:41,375 --> 01:12:45,875
 rigidity in what you're doing.

1879
01:12:46,375 --> 01:12:50,000
 Because part of enjoyment of life is the enjoyment of what we

1880
01:12:50,000 --> 01:12:51,500
 like to eat and drink.

1881
01:12:52,958 --> 01:12:55,791
 And we don't like to be pigeonholed into

1882
01:12:55,791 --> 01:12:57,958
 a particular way of doing something that

1883
01:12:57,958 --> 01:12:59,458
 eventually turns someone

1884
01:12:59,458 --> 01:13:01,250
 from being happy into miserable.

1885
01:13:02,500 --> 01:13:07,708
 But now with our new system that will

1886
01:13:07,708 --> 01:13:10,833
 come out on the apps, you will know at

1887
01:13:10,833 --> 01:13:15,375
 any given time what you can eat, for how

1888
01:13:15,375 --> 01:13:17,416
 long, and how healthy it can be.

1889
01:13:18,166 --> 01:13:19,541
 So everybody will, and

1890
01:13:19,541 --> 01:13:20,916
 everybody's unique individual.

1891
01:13:22,166 --> 01:13:24,500
 We also have to recognize that we have

1892
01:13:24,500 --> 01:13:27,708
 sex differences, we have age differences,

1893
01:13:28,291 --> 01:13:30,416
 we have cultural differences, and we have

1894
01:13:30,416 --> 01:13:31,416
 religious differences.

1895
01:13:32,125 --> 01:13:34,166
 So people are in these cultural,

1896
01:13:34,166 --> 01:13:36,041
 religion, different ages and things.

1897
01:13:36,333 --> 01:13:39,083
 They have to build their diet and

1898
01:13:39,083 --> 01:13:43,500
 lifestyle around a GKI that meets their

1899
01:13:43,500 --> 01:13:43,666
 needs and keeps them

1900
01:13:43,666 --> 01:13:45,000
 in a comfortable zone.

1901
01:13:46,166 --> 01:13:50,666
 And they'll know the quantification of

1902
01:13:50,666 --> 01:13:52,791
 that by looking at their glucose ketone

1903
01:13:52,791 --> 01:13:54,666
 index and matching it to a

1904
01:13:54,666 --> 01:13:55,833
 particular zone of health.

1905
01:13:56,666 --> 01:14:01,125
 So we will eliminate adverse effects,

1906
01:14:02,125 --> 01:14:04,250
 allowing people to be flexible so they

1907
01:14:04,250 --> 01:14:08,000
 can prevent these kinds of situations.

1908
01:14:08,250 --> 01:14:09,875
 And I think what we're running into now

1909
01:14:09,875 --> 01:14:11,041
 is people say, "Oh, I'm doing a keto, I'm

1910
01:14:11,041 --> 01:14:11,833
 eating lard every day, and I'm getting

1911
01:14:11,833 --> 01:14:13,791
 unhealthy and I'm getting unhealthy."

1912
01:14:14,291 --> 01:14:15,500
 Yeah, who wouldn't get unhealthy?

1913
01:14:16,583 --> 01:14:18,500
 The question is, we want to eliminate

1914
01:14:18,500 --> 01:14:22,000
 those kinds of ambiguities in what people

1915
01:14:22,000 --> 01:14:25,250
 can and cannot eat and give them the

1916
01:14:25,250 --> 01:14:28,125
 level of flexibility that will make it

1917
01:14:28,125 --> 01:14:30,458
 comfortable for their existence while at

1918
01:14:30,458 --> 01:14:31,416
 the same time

1919
01:14:31,416 --> 01:14:33,333
 maintaining mitochondrial health.

1920
01:14:33,791 --> 01:14:36,000
 And I think knowledge is power and every

1921
01:14:36,000 --> 01:14:39,416
 individual will adjust their own GKI and

1922
01:14:39,416 --> 01:14:41,958
 build their own diets and know how much

1923
01:14:41,958 --> 01:14:44,416
 exercise they need to do and to keep

1924
01:14:44,416 --> 01:14:48,333
 their body in a state of

1925
01:14:48,333 --> 01:14:50,625
 nutritional and physical health.

1926
01:14:51,166 --> 01:14:52,083
 So this is the future.

1927
01:14:53,583 --> 01:14:55,708
 But we're aware of everything you said.

1928
01:14:55,708 --> 01:14:57,583
 And when you start something off in the

1929
01:14:57,583 --> 01:14:59,916
 beginning, people sometimes overdo it,

1930
01:14:59,916 --> 01:15:01,000
 they do it the wrong way.

1931
01:15:01,500 --> 01:15:02,791
 And then they end up with these

1932
01:15:02,791 --> 01:15:07,291
 pathologies that become apparent for,

1933
01:15:07,791 --> 01:15:10,083
 like you mentioned, with all these...

1934
01:15:10,083 --> 01:15:11,625
 Our registry, sex, home industries.

1935
01:15:12,041 --> 01:15:13,291
 Yeah, I mean, that

1936
01:15:13,291 --> 01:15:14,416
 should not have to happen.

1937
01:15:14,625 --> 01:15:15,875
 Paleolithic man never had

1938
01:15:15,875 --> 01:15:16,750
 to deal with these things.

1939
01:15:17,541 --> 01:15:19,250
 His main problem was starvation.

1940
01:15:20,041 --> 01:15:20,875
 When you don't have any

1941
01:15:20,875 --> 01:15:22,000
 food, you starve to death.

1942
01:15:24,625 --> 01:15:26,916
 Well, you can only get ketones if you

1943
01:15:26,916 --> 01:15:30,250
 have hormonal insulin levels.

1944
01:15:30,833 --> 01:15:33,250
 Your ketones can never get ketoacidotic.

1945
01:15:33,250 --> 01:15:34,750
 That's type 1 diabetes predominantly

1946
01:15:35,041 --> 01:15:38,208
 where you have very high glucose and very

1947
01:15:38,208 --> 01:15:39,916
 high ketones together in your body.

1948
01:15:40,708 --> 01:15:41,750
 That's pathological.

1949
01:15:43,708 --> 01:15:47,291
 Natural therapeutic ketosis is low

1950
01:15:47,291 --> 01:15:49,208
 glucose elevated ketones, but not

1951
01:15:49,208 --> 01:15:51,375
 elevated to the level of ketoacid because

1952
01:15:51,375 --> 01:15:53,125
 you piss out excess ketones.

1953
01:15:53,583 --> 01:15:55,083
 But when you don't have insulin, you keep

1954
01:15:55,083 --> 01:15:56,125
 all that in your body.

1955
01:15:56,125 --> 01:15:57,208
 Your body seems like a starving.

1956
01:15:57,416 --> 01:15:58,125
 You can't get rid of the...

1957
01:15:58,125 --> 01:15:59,916
 You're making ketones and too high of a

1958
01:15:59,916 --> 01:16:01,375
 level, keeping too much in your body.

1959
01:16:01,958 --> 01:16:04,416
 So again, and we also know that there are

1960
01:16:04,666 --> 01:16:06,125
 some people that have carnitine

1961
01:16:06,125 --> 01:16:07,416
 deficiencies that

1962
01:16:07,416 --> 01:16:09,083
 can't metabolize ketones.

1963
01:16:09,541 --> 01:16:11,125
 There are people that get severe rashes

1964
01:16:11,125 --> 01:16:13,958
 from trying to get into these conditions.

1965
01:16:15,625 --> 01:16:16,791
 And there's certain people take

1966
01:16:16,791 --> 01:16:19,333
 medications that interfere with the

1967
01:16:19,333 --> 01:16:21,125
 ability to metabolize ketone bodies.

1968
01:16:21,791 --> 01:16:24,458
 So we have to be aware of the

1969
01:16:24,458 --> 01:16:27,291
 interference of nutritional ketosis.

1970
01:16:27,291 --> 01:16:29,500
 But at least when you're aware, you can

1971
01:16:29,500 --> 01:16:35,500
 alert people to these hazards, metabolic

1972
01:16:35,500 --> 01:16:36,500
 hazards, and they can

1973
01:16:36,500 --> 01:16:37,791
 make adjustments themselves.

1974
01:16:38,541 --> 01:16:40,041
 So all of this, we have

1975
01:16:40,041 --> 01:16:41,083
 thought about all of this.

1976
01:16:41,333 --> 01:16:41,625
 Why?

1977
01:16:42,083 --> 01:16:43,750
 Because we don't do anything else in our

1978
01:16:43,750 --> 01:16:45,000
 life except think about

1979
01:16:45,000 --> 01:16:45,958
 these kinds of things.

1980
01:16:46,750 --> 01:16:48,250
 We're laser focused.

1981
01:16:48,500 --> 01:16:50,166
 We don't think about anything else except

1982
01:16:50,166 --> 01:16:51,250
 what you just talked about.

1983
01:16:51,791 --> 01:16:54,791
 Not just occasionally, 24 seven.

1984
01:16:56,750 --> 01:16:57,208
 That's what we do.

1985
01:16:58,166 --> 01:16:58,708
 Dr.

1986
01:16:58,708 --> 01:17:00,000
 Seifried, thank you so much for that.

1987
01:17:00,375 --> 01:17:00,958
 That was incredible.

1988
01:17:02,833 --> 01:17:04,291
 To be honest, I think I've got through

1989
01:17:04,291 --> 01:17:06,791
 what, 20% of the questions that I'd hoped

1990
01:17:06,791 --> 01:17:08,583
 to be able to talk to you about today.

1991
01:17:08,916 --> 01:17:10,833
 So I'm going to have to twist your arm

1992
01:17:10,833 --> 01:17:12,666
 somehow, God willing, and to get me back

1993
01:17:12,666 --> 01:17:14,666
 from at some point in the future.

1994
01:17:15,375 --> 01:17:16,708
 What was your main

1995
01:17:16,708 --> 01:17:18,000
 question that I did not answer?

1996
01:17:18,375 --> 01:17:18,916
 Oh, no.

1997
01:17:18,916 --> 01:17:20,791
 I wanted to go down the rabbit hole

1998
01:17:20,833 --> 01:17:24,125
 regarding various fatty acids and

1999
01:17:24,125 --> 01:17:28,666
 specifically talk about saturated fats

2000
01:17:28,666 --> 01:17:31,583
 versus unsaturated fats and the issues

2001
01:17:31,583 --> 01:17:34,833
 regarding some people running into

2002
01:17:34,833 --> 01:17:37,000
 insulin resistance, having sort of high

2003
01:17:37,000 --> 01:17:37,750
 amounts of saturated

2004
01:17:37,750 --> 01:17:38,958
 fats in the ceramides.

2005
01:17:39,375 --> 01:17:40,875
 I don't know if you've

2006
01:17:40,875 --> 01:17:41,833
 seen that to be an issue.

2007
01:17:42,125 --> 01:17:44,791
 We published a big paper looking at all

2008
01:17:44,791 --> 01:17:46,416
 that stuff in mice,

2009
01:17:47,083 --> 01:17:47,916
 unrestricted and unrestricted.

2010
01:17:48,500 --> 01:17:50,041
 It's hard to get into ketosis on

2011
01:17:50,041 --> 01:17:51,791
 polyunsaturated fatty acids,

2012
01:17:52,791 --> 01:17:54,875
 but they're, the omega three fatty acids

2013
01:17:54,875 --> 01:17:56,000
 are very healthy for people.

2014
01:17:56,833 --> 01:17:58,291
 Some of the omega sixes are not.

2015
01:17:59,125 --> 01:18:02,083
 So we published a big paper on all this.

2016
01:18:02,541 --> 01:18:05,458
 So almost everything I have looked at in

2017
01:18:05,458 --> 01:18:08,166
 one way or the other, I just don't have

2018
01:18:08,166 --> 01:18:10,583
 time to talk about it at all, but our

2019
01:18:10,583 --> 01:18:12,958
 open access papers on restricted and

2020
01:18:12,958 --> 01:18:16,000
 unrestricted diets, high carb keto and

2021
01:18:16,000 --> 01:18:17,041
 fish oil diets and

2022
01:18:17,041 --> 01:18:17,833
 all this kind of stuff.

2023
01:18:18,416 --> 01:18:21,291
 So we have looked at that and the body is

2024
01:18:21,291 --> 01:18:22,083
 a machine that

2025
01:18:22,083 --> 01:18:24,083
 metabolizes the fuels effectively.

2026
01:18:24,625 --> 01:18:25,333
 Ketones will be

2027
01:18:25,333 --> 01:18:26,916
 produced from saturated fat.

2028
01:18:26,916 --> 01:18:30,458
 MCT oil, little MCT oil, is really great

2029
01:18:30,458 --> 01:18:32,833
 in producing ketone bodies endogenously.

2030
01:18:33,666 --> 01:18:38,083
 D beta hydroxybutyrate rather than L's.

2031
01:18:38,458 --> 01:18:40,333
 There's a way to do all that.

2032
01:18:40,333 --> 01:18:41,208
 We've looked at almost

2033
01:18:41,208 --> 01:18:43,083
 every damn thing we can look at.

2034
01:18:44,625 --> 01:18:47,875
 So I have papers on that, but yes, we

2035
01:18:47,875 --> 01:18:48,708
 have looked at that.

2036
01:18:49,750 --> 01:18:52,083
 We try to do everything, always remember,

2037
01:18:52,708 --> 01:18:55,083
 everything is metabolized majority in the

2038
01:18:55,083 --> 01:18:56,458
 mitochondria, the cytoplasm.

2039
01:18:57,166 --> 01:19:00,833
 So once you understand these metabolic

2040
01:19:00,833 --> 01:19:03,000
 pathways, you know how to keep your

2041
01:19:03,000 --> 01:19:04,500
 mitochondria as healthy as possible,

2042
01:19:04,916 --> 01:19:06,666
 which will make you, because ultimately

2043
01:19:06,666 --> 01:19:07,583
 you're interested in

2044
01:19:07,583 --> 01:19:08,875
 avoiding chronic disease.

2045
01:19:09,333 --> 01:19:09,791
 That's it.

2046
01:19:10,375 --> 01:19:11,666
 You don't want chronic disease.

2047
01:19:11,666 --> 01:19:12,500
 You don't want cancer.

2048
01:19:12,500 --> 01:19:13,458
 You don't want chronic disease.

2049
01:19:13,708 --> 01:19:14,708
 How do you prevent that?

2050
01:19:14,708 --> 01:19:15,833
 Keep your mitochondria healthy.

2051
01:19:16,125 --> 01:19:16,666
 How do you keep your

2052
01:19:16,666 --> 01:19:17,541
 mitochondria healthy?

2053
01:19:17,958 --> 01:19:19,333
 Keep glucose down and

2054
01:19:19,333 --> 01:19:20,958
 elevate ketones, the mitochondria.

2055
01:19:21,250 --> 01:19:23,833
 And I don't have time to talk, but in our

2056
01:19:23,833 --> 01:19:26,750
 new paper, we talk about the

2057
01:19:26,750 --> 01:19:30,333
 bioenergetics of burning fatty acids,

2058
01:19:30,333 --> 01:19:31,791
 ketone bodies, and pyruvate.

2059
01:19:32,208 --> 01:19:35,291
 The bioenergetic related to the delta G

2060
01:19:35,291 --> 01:19:36,833
 prime ATP hydrolysis.

2061
01:19:37,416 --> 01:19:39,041
 And how we can get

2062
01:19:39,041 --> 01:19:41,083
 more bang for your buck.

2063
01:19:41,083 --> 01:19:43,125
 Every breath of air can give you more ATP

2064
01:19:43,125 --> 01:19:45,208
 when you're burning ketone body than when

2065
01:19:45,208 --> 01:19:46,791
 you're burning pyruvate or fatty acids.

2066
01:19:47,500 --> 01:19:49,375
 So we know the bioenergetics.

2067
01:19:49,375 --> 01:19:50,291
 We published that.

2068
01:19:50,291 --> 01:19:51,333
 And our big paper is going

2069
01:19:51,333 --> 01:19:52,333
 to be coming out on that.

2070
01:19:52,666 --> 01:19:54,833
 And we got all that from the late Richard

2071
01:19:54,833 --> 01:19:57,916
 Veach, one of the great, and he was Hans

2072
01:19:57,916 --> 01:19:59,833
 Krebs' last graduate student.

2073
01:20:00,458 --> 01:20:02,666
 So he and I would talk for hours and

2074
01:20:02,666 --> 01:20:04,125
 hours and hours about all the

2075
01:20:04,125 --> 01:20:06,208
 bioenergetics of mitochondria and what

2076
01:20:06,208 --> 01:20:06,958
 you need to keep it

2077
01:20:06,958 --> 01:20:08,416
 healthy and functional.

2078
01:20:08,958 --> 01:20:11,250
 So there's a strong bioenergetic

2079
01:20:11,250 --> 01:20:13,583
 explanation for a lot of what I'm saying.

2080
01:20:14,000 --> 01:20:15,000
 And that's in our papers.

2081
01:20:15,750 --> 01:20:17,166
 We'll definitely be sure to

2082
01:20:17,166 --> 01:20:18,125
 link them in all the show.

2083
01:20:18,458 --> 01:20:18,666
 Yeah.

2084
01:20:18,833 --> 01:20:19,875
 Make sure, yeah.

2085
01:20:20,166 --> 01:20:22,416
 Tell folks that all of

2086
01:20:22,416 --> 01:20:24,166
 our papers are open access.

2087
01:20:25,041 --> 01:20:26,125
 So anybody with a

2088
01:20:26,125 --> 01:20:27,916
 computer can get the information.

2089
01:20:28,708 --> 01:20:29,958
 Now people are going to be overwhelmed

2090
01:20:29,958 --> 01:20:31,041
 and say, oh my God,

2091
01:20:31,041 --> 01:20:32,333
 Seifree published so many papers.

2092
01:20:33,708 --> 01:20:33,916
 Yeah.

2093
01:20:34,166 --> 01:20:34,791
 Well, a lot of it's on

2094
01:20:34,791 --> 01:20:35,750
 what I'm talking about.

2095
01:20:35,750 --> 01:20:37,208
 A lot of it's on other things.

2096
01:20:37,791 --> 01:20:39,583
 But you can go through and

2097
01:20:39,583 --> 01:20:41,750
 ferret out what we're doing.

2098
01:20:42,541 --> 01:20:45,333
 And people need to know that all of our

2099
01:20:45,333 --> 01:20:49,291
 research is supported by philanthropy and

2100
01:20:49,291 --> 01:20:50,250
 private foundations.

2101
01:20:51,208 --> 01:20:53,708
 So when we keep people

2102
01:20:53,708 --> 01:20:55,625
 alive who are stage four cancer,

2103
01:20:57,041 --> 01:20:58,125
 they so-called terminal.

2104
01:20:58,791 --> 01:21:01,083
 And all of a sudden you're living a lot

2105
01:21:01,083 --> 01:21:02,958
 longer with a higher quality of life.

2106
01:21:04,125 --> 01:21:06,125
 Some people feel very compelled to donate

2107
01:21:06,125 --> 01:21:07,750
 to our research because they

2108
01:21:08,833 --> 01:21:09,375
 want to.

2109
01:21:09,833 --> 01:21:12,416
 And one thing I want to make sure, never

2110
01:21:12,416 --> 01:21:15,666
 say we have a cure for cancer.

2111
01:21:16,208 --> 01:21:19,208
 Because I have no clue whether what we do

2112
01:21:19,208 --> 01:21:20,500
 will cure cancer or not.

2113
01:21:21,000 --> 01:21:22,833
 The only thing that we have seen over and

2114
01:21:22,833 --> 01:21:25,875
 over again is we have a longer

2115
01:21:25,875 --> 01:21:28,125
 progression-free survival without

2116
01:21:28,125 --> 01:21:31,875
 symptoms and a very increased overall

2117
01:21:31,875 --> 01:21:35,208
 survival of cancer patients.

2118
01:21:35,208 --> 01:21:35,958
 Whether they're cured

2119
01:21:35,958 --> 01:21:36,833
 or not, we don't know.

2120
01:21:37,666 --> 01:21:43,500
 But I consider success in keeping people

2121
01:21:43,500 --> 01:21:47,166
 given terminal diagnosis alive far, far

2122
01:21:47,166 --> 01:21:49,833
 longer than what the establishment

2123
01:21:50,000 --> 01:21:51,791
 predicted their lifespan to be.

2124
01:21:52,458 --> 01:21:54,250
 So I never like to use the term terminal

2125
01:21:54,250 --> 01:21:57,625
 because I have a lot of people that I

2126
01:21:57,625 --> 01:21:59,708
 know who are still alive.

2127
01:22:00,333 --> 01:22:00,958
 I don't know.

2128
01:22:01,250 --> 01:22:02,625
 Sometime in the future they may be

2129
01:22:02,625 --> 01:22:05,666
 terminal, but they're not dead yet and

2130
01:22:05,666 --> 01:22:06,458
 they're pretty healthy.

2131
01:22:06,458 --> 01:22:07,500
 So what the hell does that mean?

2132
01:22:08,083 --> 01:22:09,416
 And they were told they only had nine

2133
01:22:09,416 --> 01:22:10,083
 months to live and

2134
01:22:10,083 --> 01:22:10,958
 they're around six years.

2135
01:22:11,916 --> 01:22:13,208
 Who made the mistake there?

2136
01:22:14,458 --> 01:22:16,416
 Why was someone told they have six months

2137
01:22:16,416 --> 01:22:18,000
 or a year to live and they're living five

2138
01:22:18,000 --> 01:22:19,458
 and six years or even longer?

2139
01:22:20,125 --> 01:22:21,708
 How did anybody make

2140
01:22:21,708 --> 01:22:22,791
 that level of mistake?

2141
01:22:24,041 --> 01:22:25,666
 They made the mistake because they don't

2142
01:22:25,666 --> 01:22:27,625
 understand metabolic therapy and how long

2143
01:22:27,625 --> 01:22:28,750
 you can possibly live with

2144
01:22:28,750 --> 01:22:29,750
 a higher quality of life.

2145
01:22:30,000 --> 01:22:30,791
 But whether you get a

2146
01:22:30,791 --> 01:22:31,875
 cure or not, I have no clue.

2147
01:22:32,458 --> 01:22:34,791
 All we know is we have a new strategy for

2148
01:22:34,791 --> 01:22:37,250
 managing cancer and chronic disease that

2149
01:22:37,250 --> 01:22:39,250
 is far more powerful and successful than

2150
01:22:39,250 --> 01:22:40,500
 anything out there right now.

2151
01:22:41,041 --> 01:22:42,541
 The problem is people just don't know

2152
01:22:42,541 --> 01:22:44,000
 about it and don't know

2153
01:22:44,000 --> 01:22:45,125
 how to implement it yet.

2154
01:22:45,125 --> 01:22:46,000
 And that's going to take

2155
01:22:46,000 --> 01:22:47,208
 that will be the future.

2156
01:22:47,791 --> 01:22:50,500
 That will be down to people like us,

2157
01:22:50,500 --> 01:22:52,416
 aiming to educate the greater public.

2158
01:22:53,416 --> 01:22:53,625
 Dr.

2159
01:22:53,625 --> 01:22:54,375
 Seifried, thank you

2160
01:22:54,375 --> 01:22:55,291
 so much for your time.

2161
01:22:56,208 --> 01:22:58,166
 For people who are interested in your

2162
01:22:58,166 --> 01:23:01,500
 work and to learn more about your various

2163
01:23:01,500 --> 01:23:02,208
 metabolic therapies,

2164
01:23:02,458 --> 01:23:03,875
 where can we point them to?

2165
01:23:04,625 --> 01:23:07,333
 Well again, I have my metabolic papers

2166
01:23:07,333 --> 01:23:08,916
 already published, open access.

2167
01:23:09,708 --> 01:23:11,958
 And donations go to Travis

2168
01:23:11,958 --> 01:23:13,333
 Christofferson's Foundation

2169
01:23:13,333 --> 01:23:15,333
 for Cancer Metabolic Therapy.

2170
01:23:15,333 --> 01:23:18,125
 It's a legitimate foundation.

2171
01:23:19,125 --> 01:23:20,666
 And the university, Boston College

2172
01:23:20,666 --> 01:23:22,750
 itself, the biology department for sure.

2173
01:23:23,583 --> 01:23:27,000
 So that keeps us going and we've got a

2174
01:23:27,000 --> 01:23:29,791
 couple of blockbuster things coming out

2175
01:23:29,791 --> 01:23:33,583
 that are really going to transform the

2176
01:23:33,583 --> 01:23:35,666
 healthcare industry dramatically.

2177
01:23:36,375 --> 01:23:39,833
 And they'll be out within the year.

2178
01:23:40,666 --> 01:23:41,875
 And then you're going to see

2179
01:23:41,875 --> 01:23:45,041
 organizations set up around these

2180
01:23:45,041 --> 01:23:46,833
 approaches for metabolic health.

2181
01:23:47,333 --> 01:23:49,125
 And we're going to bring a lot of people

2182
01:23:49,125 --> 01:23:53,166
 back into what we call normalcy,

2183
01:23:53,375 --> 01:23:55,833
 metabolic homeostasis, if they want to.

2184
01:23:56,750 --> 01:23:58,708
 I'm not twisting anybody's arm here.

2185
01:23:58,958 --> 01:24:01,583
 It's only if people who want to, if they

2186
01:24:01,583 --> 01:24:04,125
 want to live in a toxic

2187
01:24:04,125 --> 01:24:05,791
 state, that's their choice.

2188
01:24:06,333 --> 01:24:09,458
 But we have a tool now to allow them to

2189
01:24:09,458 --> 01:24:11,791
 come out of those toxic states and live a

2190
01:24:11,791 --> 01:24:14,333
 healthy, productive life with a clear

2191
01:24:14,333 --> 01:24:16,291
 quantitative assessment to do that.

2192
01:24:16,958 --> 01:24:19,166
 And that is coming down and you'll see

2193
01:24:19,166 --> 01:24:20,041
 that within the next

2194
01:24:20,041 --> 01:24:21,291
 year or two, for sure.

2195
01:24:22,250 --> 01:24:24,791
 So we're very hopeful for

2196
01:24:24,791 --> 01:24:26,125
 managing chronic diseases.

2197
01:24:26,750 --> 01:24:28,375
 And I think most people are going to be

2198
01:24:28,375 --> 01:24:31,000
 very appreciative as they begin to

2199
01:24:31,000 --> 01:24:32,666
 benefit from what we're doing.

2200
01:24:33,291 --> 01:24:34,333
 No, I'm sure they're well.

2201
01:24:34,333 --> 01:24:37,291
 I mean, ultimately, I think most disease,

2202
01:24:38,000 --> 01:24:39,500
 the way I'm starting to view it, it

2203
01:24:39,500 --> 01:24:43,291
 ultimately comes down to sort of removing

2204
01:24:43,291 --> 01:24:47,541
 the environmental burden or whatever

2205
01:24:47,541 --> 01:24:49,375
 environmental trigger there is as driving

2206
01:24:49,375 --> 01:24:50,916
 the disease, improving the metabolic

2207
01:24:50,916 --> 01:24:52,000
 health and subsequent treatment,

2208
01:24:52,458 --> 01:24:53,916
 mitochondrial health, and then dealing

2209
01:24:53,916 --> 01:24:56,208
 with the stress component, which is also

2210
01:24:56,208 --> 01:24:57,125
 obviously overlooked.

2211
01:24:57,333 --> 01:24:58,833
 And I think when you get those three sort

2212
01:24:58,833 --> 01:25:01,583
 of components sort of dialed in, you sort

2213
01:25:01,583 --> 01:25:03,583
 of solve 90% of the equation, at least

2214
01:25:03,583 --> 01:25:04,875
 when it comes to chronic disease.

2215
01:25:05,750 --> 01:25:07,541
 Which is mostly

2216
01:25:07,541 --> 01:25:09,208
 crippling Western societies.

2217
01:25:09,791 --> 01:25:10,000
 Yes.

2218
01:25:10,250 --> 01:25:12,166
 So it's the single most biggest problem.

2219
01:25:12,375 --> 01:25:14,833
 Cancer and chronic diseases are dementia,

2220
01:25:15,583 --> 01:25:17,166
 type 2 diabetes, obesity,

2221
01:25:17,708 --> 01:25:19,208
 cardiovascular disease, cancer.

2222
01:25:19,458 --> 01:25:20,333
 You can go right down the list.

2223
01:25:20,333 --> 01:25:21,166
 It's just like everything.

2224
01:25:21,958 --> 01:25:24,416
 So what do we do with all these healthy

2225
01:25:24,416 --> 01:25:26,083
 people if they will...

2226
01:25:28,166 --> 01:25:31,458
 We're keeping a lot of people alive,

2227
01:25:31,833 --> 01:25:33,583
 working for a longer period of time with

2228
01:25:33,583 --> 01:25:34,625
 a high quality of life.

2229
01:25:35,250 --> 01:25:36,416
 I mean, you're going to have to have a

2230
01:25:36,416 --> 01:25:37,625
 readjustment of society.

2231
01:25:39,375 --> 01:25:39,583
 Yeah.

2232
01:25:40,125 --> 01:25:41,833
 Well, let's aim to get there and then we

2233
01:25:41,833 --> 01:25:42,958
 can do what that problem arises.

2234
01:25:43,500 --> 01:25:44,666
 Yes, absolutely.

2235
01:25:45,500 --> 01:25:45,750
 All right.

2236
01:25:45,750 --> 01:25:46,833
 Well, listen, thank you very much.

2237
01:25:47,250 --> 01:25:48,000
 Thank you, Dr.

2238
01:25:48,333 --> 01:25:48,625
 Seifried.

2239
01:25:48,625 --> 01:25:50,458
 It's been an absolute honor and I

2240
01:25:50,458 --> 01:25:51,291
 appreciate your time.

2241
01:25:52,000 --> 01:25:52,125
 Yeah.

2242
01:25:52,125 --> 01:25:52,625
 Well, thank you. I'll